AHP-Based Priority Analysis of Nighttime Fire Evacuation Vulnerability for Students with Disabilities in Special School Dormitories

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2026.9.30.951

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2026 Vol.22, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

AHP-Based Priority Analysis of Nighttime Fire Evacuation Vulnerability for Students with Disabilities in Special School Dormitories 특수학교 기숙사 장애학생 야간 화재 대피 취약성의 AHP 기반 우선순위 분석: 손영균¹ㆍ함승희²*
Young-Kyun Son¹, Sunnie Haam²*; ¹Ph.D. Student, Department of Disaster Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
²Professor, Department of Disaster Management and Fire Protection Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea

30 September 2026. pp. 951-964

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and prioritize vulnerability factors affecting nighttime fire evacuation of students with disabilities in special school dormitories using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), providing evidence for improving evacuation safety. Method: Based on literature review, legal and institutional analysis, and special education statistics, an AHP hierarchy consisting of three upper-level criteria and ten sub-factors was established. Expert pairwise comparison surveys were conducted with specialists in fire safety, disaster management, special education, and facility management. Result: Human response capacity was identified as the most important criterion, with nighttime residential guidance staffing, individualized emergency evacuation plans (PEEP), and disability-specific fire drills identified as key improvement factors. Conclusion: The findings indicate that improving nighttime evacuation safety in special school dormitories requires strengthening human-centered support systems together with institutional and facility improvements. The proposed priorities provide practical guidance for future fire safety policies and evacuation planning.

Keywords

Special School Dormitory

Students with Disabilities

Nighttime Fire Evacuation

AHP

Fire Safety

연구목적: 본 연구는 특수학교 기숙사 장애학생의 야간 화재 대피 취약성 요인을 도출하고 AHP를 활용하여 상대적 중요도와 우선순위를 분석함으로써 화재안전 정책 개선을 위한 기초자료를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법: 문헌고찰과 법·제도 분석을 통해 인적 대응역량, 피난지원 시설·설비 적정성, 장애유형별 피난 취약성의 3개 상위 기준과 10개 하위 평가요소를 구성하고 전문가 대상 AHP 설문을 실시하여 우선순위를 분석하였다. 연구결과: 인적 대응역량이 가장 중요한 평가기준으로 나타났으며, 야간 생활지도원 배치인력의 적정성, 장애학생 개인별 대피계획(PEEP) 수립 및 장애유형별 소방훈련이 주요 개선 요소로 도출되었다. 결론: 특수학교 기숙사의 야간 화재안전 확보를 위해서는 인적 지원체계와 피난지원 시설 및 제도 개선이 함께 이루어져야 하며, 본 연구 결과는 향후 화재안전 정책과 시설기준 마련을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

키워드

특수학교 기숙사

장애학생

야간 화재대피

계층분석법(AHP)

화재안전

References

British Standards Institution (2017). BS 9999:2017 – Fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings. Code of practice. BSI, London, UK.
Kang, E.H., Choi, J.M. (2019). “A study on the fire safety of disabled school for the difference of walking speed.” Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 130-141.
Korea Institute of Educational Facility Safety (2023). Development of Basic Fire Evacuation Scenarios and Training Models for Special Schools. KOIES, Seoul, Korea.
Ministry of Education (2025). 2025 Special Education Statistics. Ministry of Education, Sejong, Korea.
National Fire Agency (2026). Measures to Secure the Golden Time for Fire Engine Response in 2026. Press Release, National Fire Agency, Sejong, Korea.
National Fire Protection Association (2021). NFPA 101: Life Safety Code, 2021 Edition. NFPA, Quincy, MA, US.
National Fire Protection Association (2022). NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2022 Edition. NFPA, Quincy, MA, US.
Oh, S.Y., Kim, S.Y., Lee, S.J. (2018). A Study on Risk Assurance for the People with Disabilities and the Role of Private Sector. Research Report 2018-8, Korea Insurance Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.
Park, S., Ryu, S., Cho, C., Kang, S., Jeong, Y., Yoon, Y. (2023). “Study on development of basic fire evacuation scenarios considering characteristics of special schools.” The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 1081-1087. 10.17703/JCCT.2023.9.6.1081
Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill, New York, US.
Shields, T.J., Smyth, B., Boyce, K.E., Silcock, G.W.H. (1999). “Evacuation behaviours of occupants with learning difficulties in residential homes.” Disability and Rehabilitation, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 39-48. 10.1080/096382899298089
Si·Do Offices of Education (2011-2024). Ordinances and Rules on the Placement of Residential Guidance Personnel and Facility Standards for Special School Dormitories. Korea Law Information Center, https://www.law.go.kr (accessed August 2026).
Son, Y.K. (2019). A Study on Measures to Secure the Effectiveness of Fire Safety in Special Schools: Focused on Improvement of Fire Notification Methods and Emergency Evacuation Spaces. Master’s Thesis, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
United Kingdom (2005). The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. Statutory Instrument 2005 No. 1541, London, UK.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 22
No :3
Pages :951-964
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2026.9.30.951

[1] British Standards Institution (2017). BS 9999:2017 – Fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings. Code of practice. BSI, London, UK.

[2] Kang, E.H., Choi, J.M. (2019). “A study on the fire safety of disabled school for the difference of walking speed.” Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 130-141.

[3] Korea Institute of Educational Facility Safety (2023). Development of Basic Fire Evacuation Scenarios and Training Models for Special Schools. KOIES, Seoul, Korea.

[4] Ministry of Education (2025). 2025 Special Education Statistics. Ministry of Education, Sejong, Korea.

[5] National Fire Agency (2026). Measures to Secure the Golden Time for Fire Engine Response in 2026. Press Release, National Fire Agency, Sejong, Korea.

[6] National Fire Protection Association (2021). NFPA 101: Life Safety Code, 2021 Edition. NFPA, Quincy, MA, US.

[7] National Fire Protection Association (2022). NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2022 Edition. NFPA, Quincy, MA, US.

[8] Oh, S.Y., Kim, S.Y., Lee, S.J. (2018). A Study on Risk Assurance for the People with Disabilities and the Role of Private Sector. Research Report 2018-8, Korea Insurance Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.

[9] Park, S., Ryu, S., Cho, C., Kang, S., Jeong, Y., Yoon, Y. (2023). “Study on development of basic fire evacuation scenarios considering characteristics of special schools.” The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 1081-1087. 10.17703/JCCT.2023.9.6.1081

[10] Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill, New York, US.

[11] Shields, T.J., Smyth, B., Boyce, K.E., Silcock, G.W.H. (1999). “Evacuation behaviours of occupants with learning difficulties in residential homes.” Disability and Rehabilitation, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 39-48. 10.1080/096382899298089

[12] Si·Do Offices of Education (2011-2024). Ordinances and Rules on the Placement of Residential Guidance Personnel and Facility Standards for Special School Dormitories. Korea Law Information Center, https://www.law.go.kr (accessed August 2026).

[13] Son, Y.K. (2019). A Study on Measures to Secure the Effectiveness of Fire Safety in Special Schools: Focused on Improvement of Fire Notification Methods and Emergency Evacuation Spaces. Master’s Thesis, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.

[14] United Kingdom (2005). The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. Statutory Instrument 2005 No. 1541, London, UK.

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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