Study on Risk Factor Analysis and Safety Assurance Measures for Indoor Service Robots

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2026.9.30.975

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2026 Vol.22, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

Study on Risk Factor Analysis and Safety Assurance Measures for Indoor Service Robots 실내 서비스 로봇의 위험 요소 분석 및 안전 확보 방안 연구: 송정곤¹ㆍ송창영²*
Jeonggon Song¹, Changyoung Song²*; ¹PhD Candidate, Department of Disaster and Safety, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
²Professor, Department of Disaster and Safety, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

30 September 2026. pp. 975-987

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Abstract

Purpose: This study uses news big data to identify potential risk factors in indoor service robots and proposes practical safety measures. Method: We collected 56,698 news articles from Google News from 2010 to 2025. We analyzed 577 valid Korean news articles related to robot incidents using a Large Language Model (Google Gemini 2.5 Flash API) and text mining techniques. Result: Robot-related risks also appeared in residential spaces, and cybersecurity problems could affect the physical operation of robots. We proposed a power-isolated camera-equipped black box, a power-isolated remote stop device, and disaster response guidelines for indoor robots. We then compared the risk levels before and after applying these measures using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Conclusion: The proposed physical safety devices may help users identify abnormal situations and control robots. Further testing on actual robot systems is needed to confirm their performance and safety.

Keywords

Indoor Service Robots

Large Language Model

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Power-Isolated Camera-Equipped Black Box

Power-Isolated Remote Stop Device

Disaster Response Guidelines for Indoor Robots

연구목적: 로봇 사고 뉴스 빅데이터를 활용하여 실내 서비스 로봇의 잠재적 위험요인을 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 안전 확보 방안을 제안한다. 연구방법: 2010년부터 2025년까지 구글 뉴스 56,698건을 수집하였다. 대규모 언어 모델(Google Gemini 2.5 Flash API)과 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 사고 관련 국문 유효 뉴스 577건을 분석하였다. 연구결과: 로봇 관련 위험이 주거공간에서도 나타났으며, 사이버 보안 문제가 로봇의 물리적 작동에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이에 ‘전원 분리형 카메라 내장 블랙박스’와 ‘전원 분리형 원격 정지 장치’와 ‘실내 로봇 재난 대응 수칙’을 제안하였다. 또한 고장 유형 및 영향 분석(FMEA)을 이용하여 안전 대책 적용 전후의 위험도를 비교하였다. 결론: 제안한 안전장치는 로봇의 이상 상황을 확인하고 통제하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 향후 실제 로봇에 적용하여 성능과 안전성을 검증할 필요가 있다.

키워드

실내 서비스 로봇

대규모 언어 모델

고장 유형 및 영향 분석

전원 분리형 카메라 내장 블랙박스

전원 분리형 원격 정지 장치

실내 로봇 재난 대응 수칙

References

AIAG (2008). Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Reference Manual. 4th Edition, Automotive Industry Action Group, MI, USA.
Annan, A., Eiden, A.L., Wang, D., Du, J., Rastegar-Mojarad, M., Nomula, V.K., Wang, X. (2025). “Evaluating large language models for sentiment analysis and hesitancy analysis on vaccine posts from social media: Qualitative study.” JMIR Formative Research, Vol. 9, e64723. 10.2196/64723 41092067 PMC12526656
Bernhard, L., Schwingenschlögl, P., Hofmann, J., Wilhelm, D., Knoll, A. (2024). “Boosting the hospital by integrating mobile robotic assistance systems: A comprehensive classification of the risks to be addressed.” Autonomous Robots, Vol. 48, Article 1. 10.1007/s10514-023-10154-0
Choi, J.Y., Jang, J.D., Lee, S.J. (2024). “Deriving mobile robot delivery service security requirements using STRIDE threat modeling.” Journal of The Korea Institute of Information Security and Cryptology, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 927-947. 10.13089/JKIISC.2024.34.5.927
Gu, C.M. (2025). “Analysis of research trends on safety vulnerable populations using text mining.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 228-240. 10.15683/KOSDI.2025.3.31.228
ISO (2014). ISO 13482:2014 Robots and Robotic Devices — Safety Requirements for Personal Care Robots. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Kim, C.Y., Lee, J., Lee, H.H., Heo, J.W., Park, M.Y., Han, A., Lee, C.-I., Kim, K. (2024). “Security requirements derivation for indoor autonomous driving robots based on STRIDE.” Proceedings of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers Fall Conference, Jeongseon, Gangwon-do, Korea, pp. 1138-1142.
Kim, D.Y., Chaidir, R., Song, T.H. (2026). “Validating topic modeling for consumer reviews: Comparing LDA, BERTopic, and GPT with a two-stage human evaluation framework.” Korean Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 627-656. 10.18032/kaaba.2026.39.3.627
Lee, J.M., Kim, Y.G. (2025). “FMEA-based fault mode evaluation for ship propulsion shafting system.” Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 500-507. 10.7837/kosomes.2025.31.4.500
Lee, M.S. (2026). “A comparative study on the explainability and efficiency of foundation models in prompt-based sentiment analysis.” Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 79-87. 10.9708/jksci.2026.31.03.079
Lim, D., Hwang, Y., Jo, Y., An, S., Park, K.-S. (2025). “Risk evaluation of self-driving robots in sports stadium using FMEA techniques.” Proceedings of the 2025 Korea Society of Disaster Information Annual Conference, Seoul, Korea, pp. 123-125.
National Fire Agency (2023). Fire Evacuation Guidelines for Apartment Residents. National Fire Agency, Sejong, Korea.
Park, E.L., Cho, S. (2014). “KoNLPy: Korean natural language processing in Python.” Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Human and Cognitive Language Technology, Chuncheon, Korea, pp. 133-136.
Ryu, J., Jun, J. (2025a). “A novel risk assessment framework for ensuring the safety of humanoid robots.” Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 858-867. 10.5302/J.ICROS.2025.25.0152
Ryu, J.H., Lee, K.H., Kim, S.H., Kim, B.J., Lee, J.H. (2025b). “Analysis of the knowledge system and topic trends in generative AI agent research based on LDA and BERTopic.” Korean Computers and Accounting Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 1-23.
Shin, E.H., Kim, D.W. (2026). “Classification and temporal analysis of social risk factors in cold wave disasters using news big data and LLMs.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 223-237. 10.15683/KOSDI.2026.3.31.223
Song, J.H. (2026). “A comparative study of lexicon-based and multi-LLM sentiment analysis in mental health discourse on social media.” The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 339-353. 10.5392/JKCA.2026.26.04.339
Winfield, A.F.T., Jirotka, M. (2017). “The case for an ethical black box.” In Gao, Y., Fallah, S., Jin, Y., Lekakou, C. (eds.), Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems: TAROS 2017, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10454, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 262-273. 10.1007/978-3-319-64107-2_21

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 22
No :3
Pages :975-987
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2026.9.30.975

[1] AIAG (2008). Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Reference Manual. 4th Edition, Automotive Industry Action Group, MI, USA.

[2] Annan, A., Eiden, A.L., Wang, D., Du, J., Rastegar-Mojarad, M., Nomula, V.K., Wang, X. (2025). “Evaluating large language models for sentiment analysis and hesitancy analysis on vaccine posts from social media: Qualitative study.” JMIR Formative Research, Vol. 9, e64723. 10.2196/64723 41092067 PMC12526656

[3] Bernhard, L., Schwingenschlögl, P., Hofmann, J., Wilhelm, D., Knoll, A. (2024). “Boosting the hospital by integrating mobile robotic assistance systems: A comprehensive classification of the risks to be addressed.” Autonomous Robots, Vol. 48, Article 1. 10.1007/s10514-023-10154-0

[4] Choi, J.Y., Jang, J.D., Lee, S.J. (2024). “Deriving mobile robot delivery service security requirements using STRIDE threat modeling.” Journal of The Korea Institute of Information Security and Cryptology, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 927-947. 10.13089/JKIISC.2024.34.5.927

[5] Gu, C.M. (2025). “Analysis of research trends on safety vulnerable populations using text mining.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 228-240. 10.15683/KOSDI.2025.3.31.228

[6] ISO (2014). ISO 13482:2014 Robots and Robotic Devices — Safety Requirements for Personal Care Robots. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.

[7] Kim, C.Y., Lee, J., Lee, H.H., Heo, J.W., Park, M.Y., Han, A., Lee, C.-I., Kim, K. (2024). “Security requirements derivation for indoor autonomous driving robots based on STRIDE.” Proceedings of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers Fall Conference, Jeongseon, Gangwon-do, Korea, pp. 1138-1142.

[8] Kim, D.Y., Chaidir, R., Song, T.H. (2026). “Validating topic modeling for consumer reviews: Comparing LDA, BERTopic, and GPT with a two-stage human evaluation framework.” Korean Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 627-656. 10.18032/kaaba.2026.39.3.627

[9] Lee, J.M., Kim, Y.G. (2025). “FMEA-based fault mode evaluation for ship propulsion shafting system.” Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 500-507. 10.7837/kosomes.2025.31.4.500

[10] Lee, M.S. (2026). “A comparative study on the explainability and efficiency of foundation models in prompt-based sentiment analysis.” Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 79-87. 10.9708/jksci.2026.31.03.079

[11] Lim, D., Hwang, Y., Jo, Y., An, S., Park, K.-S. (2025). “Risk evaluation of self-driving robots in sports stadium using FMEA techniques.” Proceedings of the 2025 Korea Society of Disaster Information Annual Conference, Seoul, Korea, pp. 123-125.

[12] National Fire Agency (2023). Fire Evacuation Guidelines for Apartment Residents. National Fire Agency, Sejong, Korea.

[13] Park, E.L., Cho, S. (2014). “KoNLPy: Korean natural language processing in Python.” Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Human and Cognitive Language Technology, Chuncheon, Korea, pp. 133-136.

[14] Ryu, J., Jun, J. (2025a). “A novel risk assessment framework for ensuring the safety of humanoid robots.” Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 858-867. 10.5302/J.ICROS.2025.25.0152

[15] Ryu, J.H., Lee, K.H., Kim, S.H., Kim, B.J., Lee, J.H. (2025b). “Analysis of the knowledge system and topic trends in generative AI agent research based on LDA and BERTopic.” Korean Computers and Accounting Review, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 1-23.

[16] Shin, E.H., Kim, D.W. (2026). “Classification and temporal analysis of social risk factors in cold wave disasters using news big data and LLMs.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 223-237. 10.15683/KOSDI.2026.3.31.223

[17] Song, J.H. (2026). “A comparative study of lexicon-based and multi-LLM sentiment analysis in mental health discourse on social media.” The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 339-353. 10.5392/JKCA.2026.26.04.339

[18] Winfield, A.F.T., Jirotka, M. (2017). “The case for an ethical black box.” In Gao, Y., Fallah, S., Jin, Y., Lekakou, C. (eds.), Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems: TAROS 2017, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10454, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 262-273. 10.1007/978-3-319-64107-2_21

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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