Development of Novel Disaster Pictogram Emergency Alert Technology for Hearing Impaired

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2023.3.31.076

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2023 Vol.19, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

Development of Novel Disaster Pictogram Emergency Alert Technology for Hearing Impaired 청각장애인을 위한 재난안전 픽토그램 긴급알림 전달 기술 개발: 김용욱¹*ㆍ김현철²ㆍ조범준³
Yong-Yook Kim¹*, Hyun-Chul Kim², Beom-Jun Cho³; ¹Principal Researcher, Climate Technology Division, KIT Valley Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
²Senior Resaercher, Research Planning Division, KIT Valley Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
³Principal Resaercher, Research Planning Division, KIT Valley Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea

31 March 2023. pp. 76-83

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Abstract

Purpose: In emergency situations such as earthquakes, heavy rains, typhoons, or fires, when quick delivery of emergency alerts is crucial, the hearing impaired are the ones who are the most disadvantaged and vulnerable when alerts are only delivered through auditory or text alerts. They can’t perceive auditory information, and many have difficulties in fast understanding text-based alerts. Method: An alert system that can deliver pictograms for specific disaster situations has been devised. Then, a novel approach based on artificial intelligence has been studied so that the pictograms for specific disaster situations can be chosen instantly once a disaster alert is issued in text. Result: A disaster alert system that delivers pictograms for specific disaster situations was developed and a novel method has been suggested for automatic delivery. Conclusion: A system to instantaneously deliver disaster alert information in pictograms has been developed to improve alert delivery to the populations vulnerable to disaster due to hearing impairment by the instantaneous understanding of disaster situations through visual information.

Keywords

Hearing Impared

Disaster Emergency Alert

Pictogram

Artificial Intelligence

Text Analytic

연구목적: 지진, 호우, 태풍, 화재 등 긴급한 재난 알림 전달이 필요한 상황에서 청각장애인은 소리를 통한 알림을 인지할 수 없으며 문자를 통한 알림의 인지율도 비장애인에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 편으로서 일반적인 수단의 재난알림을 신속하게 인지하기 어려운 경우가 많다. 이와 같은 청각장애인의 재난안전 긴급알림 인지의 취약성 문제를 해결하고자 픽토그램을 통한 재난안전 긴급알림 시스템이 개발되었다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서는 재난문자 통보문의 문구를 기반으로 청각장애인이 인지하기 보다 용이한 일련의 픽토그램을 전달하는 시스템을 개발하고 자동 변환하는 방법을 탐색하고자 하였다. 연구결과: 이를 위해 재난안전 관련 긴급 통보문과 관련되는 픽토그램 기반의 알림을 전달하는 시스템이 개발되었고 자동변환에 적합한 인공신경망 구조와 훈련방법을 구성하여 재난문자에 대응되는 픽토그램 기반의 청각장애인 재난안전 긴급알림 시스템 구성이 제안되었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 청각장애인 뿐만아니라 일반인 또는 한국어를 모르는 외국인도 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 픽토그램이 신속하게 표출될 수 있도록 하여 재난 취약계층의 취약성을 줄이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

키워드

청각장애인

재난안전긴급알림

픽토그램

인공지능

텍스트분석

References

Clawson, T.H., Leafman, J., Nehrenz, G.M., Kimmer, Sl. (2012). "Using pictograms for communication." Military Medicine, Vol. 177, No. 3, pp. 291-295. 10.7205/MILMED-D-11-00279 22479916
Engelman, A., Ivey, S.L., Tseng, W., Dahrouge, D., Brune, J., Neuhauser, L. (2013). "Responding to the deaf in disasters: Establishing the need for systematic training for state-level emergency management agencies and community organizations." BMC Health Services Research, Vol. 13, No. 84, pp. 1-10. 10.1186/1472-6963-13-84 23497178 PMC3637441
Eo, G.-S., Lee, K.-C. (2019) "Investigating opinion mining performance by combining feature selection methods with word embedding and BOW (Bag-of-Words)." Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 163-170.
Fujimori, M., Ito, K., Dürst, M.J., Hasida, K. (2007). "Experimental evaluation of emotional awareness regarding arrangements and animations of pictograms." Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research 2007 (KEER2007), Kansei, Japan.
Hosono, N., Inoue, H., Nakanishi, M., Tomita, Y. (2014). "Urgent communication method for deaf, language dysfunction and foreigners." International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons, ICCHP 2014: Computers Helping People with Special Needs, Paris, France, pp. 397-403. 10.1007/978-3-319-08599-9_60
Kim, S.-D., Lee, S.-H., Choi, K.-H., Cheung, C.-S. (2017). "A comparative study of on-site action manual for people with disaster vulnerability." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 155-162.
Lee, J.-W, Kim, Y.-S. (2011). "A study on the effects of socio-economic characteristic of people with hearing impairment on the occurrence of information gap." Journal of Rehabilitation Research, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 159-182.
Park, J.-H., Lim, C.-H. (2022). "Climate ineqaulity and spatial evaluation in climate disaster: Flood in the city of Seoul." The Korean Socity of Climate Change Research 2022 Second-Half Year Conference, p. E-26.
Ramesh, A., Dhariwal, P., Nichol, A., Chu, C., Chen, M. (2022). "Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with clip latents." arXiv, 2204.06125.
Skøta, L., Jeppesen,T., Mellentin, A.I., Elklit, A. (2017). "Accessibility of medical and psychosocial services following disasters and other traumatic events: experiences of Deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals in Denmark." Disability and Rehabilitation, Vol. 39, No. 24, pp. 2468-2476. 10.1080/09638288.2016.1236154 27748138
Son, J.-S., Yi, E.-S. (2018). "A study on a warning pictogram system for the hearing-impaired - Focusing on disaster and safety accident situations." Archives of Design Research, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp.151-163. 10.15187/adr.2018.08.31.3.151
Son, M.-H., Kweon, I.-R., Jung, T.-H., Lee, H.-J. (2021). "Demonstration of disaster information and evacuation support model for the safety vulnerable groups." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 465-486.
Takayama, K. (2017). "Disaster relief and crisis intervention with deaf communities: Lessons learned from the Japanese deaf community." Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation, Vol. 16, No. 3-4, 247-260. 10.1080/1536710X.2017.1372241 28976290

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 19
No :1
Pages :76-83
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2023.3.31.076

[1] Clawson, T.H., Leafman, J., Nehrenz, G.M., Kimmer, Sl. (2012). "Using pictograms for communication." Military Medicine, Vol. 177, No. 3, pp. 291-295. 10.7205/MILMED-D-11-00279 22479916

[2] Engelman, A., Ivey, S.L., Tseng, W., Dahrouge, D., Brune, J., Neuhauser, L. (2013). "Responding to the deaf in disasters: Establishing the need for systematic training for state-level emergency management agencies and community organizations." BMC Health Services Research, Vol. 13, No. 84, pp. 1-10. 10.1186/1472-6963-13-84 23497178 PMC3637441

[3] Eo, G.-S., Lee, K.-C. (2019) "Investigating opinion mining performance by combining feature selection methods with word embedding and BOW (Bag-of-Words)." Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 163-170.

[4] Fujimori, M., Ito, K., Dürst, M.J., Hasida, K. (2007). "Experimental evaluation of emotional awareness regarding arrangements and animations of pictograms." Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research 2007 (KEER2007), Kansei, Japan.

[5] Hosono, N., Inoue, H., Nakanishi, M., Tomita, Y. (2014). "Urgent communication method for deaf, language dysfunction and foreigners." International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons, ICCHP 2014: Computers Helping People with Special Needs, Paris, France, pp. 397-403. 10.1007/978-3-319-08599-9_60

[6] Kim, S.-D., Lee, S.-H., Choi, K.-H., Cheung, C.-S. (2017). "A comparative study of on-site action manual for people with disaster vulnerability." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 155-162.

[7] Lee, J.-W, Kim, Y.-S. (2011). "A study on the effects of socio-economic characteristic of people with hearing impairment on the occurrence of information gap." Journal of Rehabilitation Research, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 159-182.

[8] Park, J.-H., Lim, C.-H. (2022). "Climate ineqaulity and spatial evaluation in climate disaster: Flood in the city of Seoul." The Korean Socity of Climate Change Research 2022 Second-Half Year Conference, p. E-26.

[9] Ramesh, A., Dhariwal, P., Nichol, A., Chu, C., Chen, M. (2022). "Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with clip latents." arXiv, 2204.06125.

[10] Skøta, L., Jeppesen,T., Mellentin, A.I., Elklit, A. (2017). "Accessibility of medical and psychosocial services following disasters and other traumatic events: experiences of Deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals in Denmark." Disability and Rehabilitation, Vol. 39, No. 24, pp. 2468-2476. 10.1080/09638288.2016.1236154 27748138

[11] Son, J.-S., Yi, E.-S. (2018). "A study on a warning pictogram system for the hearing-impaired - Focusing on disaster and safety accident situations." Archives of Design Research, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp.151-163. 10.15187/adr.2018.08.31.3.151

[12] Son, M.-H., Kweon, I.-R., Jung, T.-H., Lee, H.-J. (2021). "Demonstration of disaster information and evacuation support model for the safety vulnerable groups." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 465-486.

[13] Takayama, K. (2017). "Disaster relief and crisis intervention with deaf communities: Lessons learned from the Japanese deaf community." Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation, Vol. 16, No. 3-4, 247-260. 10.1080/1536710X.2017.1372241 28976290

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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