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2025 Vol.21, Issue 1 Preview Page

Original Article

Building a National Safety System to Prepare for Unpredictability: Study on Preemptive Response Systems for Natural and Social Disasters

예측 불가능성에 대비하는 국가 안전 시스템 구축: 자연재난 및 사회재난에 대한 사전 대응 체계 연구

안현수1ㆍ권영탁2ㆍ임지영3*

Hyun-Soo Ahn1, Yeong-Tak Kwon2, Jeeyoung Lim3*

1General Manager, Safety and Health Team, Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2General Manager, Dangjin Prugio Team, Daewoo Engineering & Construction, Dangjin, Republic of Korea
3Research Professor, Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
31 March 2025. pp. 55-72
PDF Citation
Abstract
Purpose: Since disasters have serious impacts on human life, economy, and society, there is a growing need to strengthen response capabilities. In the past, post-disaster response methods focused on recovery after a disaster occurred. However, at present, a more strengthened response system and preventive approach are required throughout society. Therefore, this study aims to establish a theoretical basis and suggest practical policies for establishing a pre-disaster response system. Method: After analyzing the current status of domestic natural and social disasters and domestic and international prior studies, we deeply analyze the characteristics of disasters and the causes of their unpredictability. Based on policy analysis through domestic disaster cases, we diagnose the problems of the existing disaster response system. Through this, we derive key elements for establishing an effective pre-disaster response system, and then suggest policies for establishing a pre-disaster response system. Result: In accordance with the need for a pre-disaster prevention-centered paradigm, four risk factors were derived: social conflict, economic vulnerability, aging infrastructure, and cyber security vulnerabilities. In order to establish an effective pre-disaster response system, the establishment of an organic cooperation system and the strengthening of citizen participation and response capabilities were identified as key elements. Conclusion: In order to prepare for the complexity and unpredictability of disasters, a multifaceted approach is essential, including improving laws and systems, expanding budgets, reorganizing organizations, expanding citizen participation, and strengthening international cooperation. This can reduce the average annual damage cost of 1.2 trillion won.
Keywords
Natural Disasters
Social Disasters
National Safety Systems
Preemptive Response Systems
Policy recommendations
연구목적: 재난은 그 피해가 인명, 경제, 사회에 심각한 영향을 미치기 때문에, 이에 대한 대응 능력을 강화해야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 과거의 사후 대응 방식은 재난 발생 후 복구에 중점을 두었다. 그러나 현시점에서는 사회 전반에서는 보다 강화된 대응 체계와 예방적 접근이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구는 재난 사전 대응 체계 구축을 위한 이론적 기반 마련 및 실제 정책 제언을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 국내 자연 및 사회재난 현황과 국내외 선행연구를 분석한 후, 재난의 특성과 예측 불가능성에 대한 원인을 분석한다. 국내 재난 사례를 통한 정책 분석을 기반으로 기존 재난대응시스템의 문제점 진단한다. 이를 통해 효과적인 사전 대응체계 구축을 위한 핵심 요소를 도출한 후, 사전 대응 체계 구축을 위한 정책을 제언하였다. 연구결과: 사전 예방 중심 패러다임의 필요성에 따라 사회적 갈등, 경제적 취약성, 노후화된 인프라, 사이버 보안 취약의 4가지 리스크요인을 도출하였다. 효과적인 재난 사전 대응 체계 구축을 위하여 유기적인 협력 체계 구축 및 국민 참여 및 대응 역량 강화가 핵심 요소로 도출되었다. 결론: 재난의 복잡성과 예측 불가능성에 대비하기 위해서는 법·제도의 개선, 예산 확대, 조직 개편, 국민 참여 확대, 국제 협력 강화라는 다각적인 접근이 필수적이다. 이를 통해 연평균 발생하는 1.2조원의 피해비용을 절감할 수 있다.
키워드
자연재난
사회재난
국가 안전 시스템
사전 대응 체계
정책 제언
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
  • Volume : 21
  • No :1
  • Pages :55-72
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2025.3.31.055
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