Customized Risk Assessment Improvement Measures to Eradicate Accidental Fatalities at Railway Workplaces

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2026.9.30.750

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2026 Vol.22, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

Customized Risk Assessment Improvement Measures to Eradicate Accidental Fatalities at Railway Workplaces 철도사업장 사고성 사망재해 근절을 위한 맞춤형 위험성 평가 개선방안: 김주형¹ㆍ송창영²*
JuHyung Kim¹, ChangYoung Song²*; ¹Director, Gangjin Signal Control Branch Office, Korail, Gangjin, Republic of Korea
²Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

30 September 2026. pp. 750-760

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Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the implementation of risk assessment in Korean railway workplaces to eliminate fatal accidents and proposes targeted improvements. Method: Comparative analyses with advanced safety countries, evaluation of railway occupational accidents, and review of actual risk assessment outputs were conducted to identify key shortcomings. Result: Three issues were found: unclear hazard identification, safety measures that do not reflect practice, and ambiguous risk estimation criteria. We recommend applying the 5W-1H (What, Who, When, Where, Why, How) approach for hazard identification, verifying the operational effectiveness of safety measures, and incorporating weighted accident case data for more objective risk estimation. Conclusion: A tailored risk assessment framework should use 5W-1H hazard identification, verify field safety measures, and integrate accident case–based weighting to improve quantitative risk estimation and decision-making.

Keywords

Risk Assessment

Hazard Identification

Risk Evaluation

Railway Workplace

Major Accident

연구목적: 철도사업장의 사고성 사망재해 근절을 위해 위험성 평가 제도 운영 실태를 조사·분석, 특화된 개선 방안을 마련한다. 연구방법: 우리나라와 안전 선진국의 중대재해 비교·분석, 철도사업장 중대재해 분석, 심각성과 문제점, 개선 대책 필요성, 위험성 평가 제도의 미 정착에 대한 연계성 등을 검토하였다. 또한, 철도사업장 위험성 평가 결과를 조사·분석, 오류와 문제점 인식, 개선 방안을 제시한다. 연구결과: 철도사업장 위험성 평가 문제점과 개선방안은 첫째, 찾아낸 위험원이 불분명하여 예상되는 사고 근본 원인 파악에 한계가 있고, 실질적 대책 수립에 어려움이 있었다. 따라서, 육하 원칙(5W1H)을 적용, 위험원을 식별하는 방안을 제시한다. 둘째, 현재 안전조치 내역이 실행중인 안전활동을 반영하지 못해, 위험성을 결정하는 과정에 신뢰성이 결여된다. 이점은 실제 작동성 여부 확인·검증으로 해소한다. 셋째, 복잡·모호한 위험성 결정 기준 및 과정으로 인해 어려움이 가중되는 부분은 분야별 사고사례 가중치를 활용한다. 결론: 철도사업장에 특화된 위험성 평가 개선방안은 육하(5W-1H) 원칙을 적용, 위험원을 식별하고, 현(現) 안전조치의 현장 작동성을 검증, 위험성 결정 시 반영한다. 또한, 사고사례 기반 가중치를 설정·적용하여 보다 정량적으로 위험성을 결정한다.

키워드

위험성 평가

위험원 식별

위험성 결정

철도사업장

중대재해

References

Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (BMAS), Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA). (n.d.). Sicherheit und Gesundheit bei der Arbeit [Safety and Health at Work]. BMAS & BAuA, Germany.
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (2023). Historical Picture Statistics in Great Britain. Health and Safety Executive, UK.
Health and Safety Executive (HSE). (n.d.) Health and Safety Executive. Retrieved from https://www.hse.gov.uk
Ji, Z., Pons, D., Pearse, J. (2021). “A methodology for harmonizing safety and health scales in occupational risk assessment.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, No. 9. 10.3390/ijerph18094849 34062816 PMC8125366
Jo, Y.-H., Kim, D.-W. (2022). Analysis of Characteristics of Workplaces with Accidental Fatalities. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
KarimiAzari, A., Mousavi, N., Mousavi, S. F., Hosseini, S. (2011). “Risk assessment model selection in construction industry.” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 38, No. 8. 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.12.110
Kim, J.-H., Seo, D.-H., Kang, S.-Y., Baek, B.-N. (2021). Analysis of the Level of Fatal Occupational Accidents According to Differences in Industrial Environments by Country. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Ulsan, Korea.
Korea Railroad Corporation (2021). Analysis of Industrial Accident Occurrences and Preventive Measures. Korea. 10.23099/JSMEP.2021.6.2.33
Lee, Y.-G. (2018). A Study on a New Risk Estimation Method in Risk Assessment Techniques. Master Thesis, Inje University.
Ministry of Employment and Labor (2023). New Guidebook for Risk Assessment 2023. Korea.
Park, S. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Trends in Industrial Accident Rates among Major Countries. Korea.
Toffel, M.W., Birkner, L.R. (2002). “Estimating and controlling workplace risk: An approach for occupational hygiene and safety professionals.” Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 477-485. 10.1080/10473220290035660

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 22
No :3
Pages :750-760
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2026.9.30.750

[1] Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (BMAS), Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA). (n.d.). Sicherheit und Gesundheit bei der Arbeit [Safety and Health at Work]. BMAS & BAuA, Germany.

[2] Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (2023). Historical Picture Statistics in Great Britain. Health and Safety Executive, UK.

[3] Health and Safety Executive (HSE). (n.d.) Health and Safety Executive. Retrieved from https://www.hse.gov.uk

[4] Ji, Z., Pons, D., Pearse, J. (2021). “A methodology for harmonizing safety and health scales in occupational risk assessment.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, No. 9. 10.3390/ijerph18094849 34062816 PMC8125366

[5] Jo, Y.-H., Kim, D.-W. (2022). Analysis of Characteristics of Workplaces with Accidental Fatalities. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.

[6] KarimiAzari, A., Mousavi, N., Mousavi, S. F., Hosseini, S. (2011). “Risk assessment model selection in construction industry.” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 38, No. 8. 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.12.110

[7] Kim, J.-H., Seo, D.-H., Kang, S.-Y., Baek, B.-N. (2021). Analysis of the Level of Fatal Occupational Accidents According to Differences in Industrial Environments by Country. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Ulsan, Korea.

[8] Korea Railroad Corporation (2021). Analysis of Industrial Accident Occurrences and Preventive Measures. Korea. 10.23099/JSMEP.2021.6.2.33

[9] Lee, Y.-G. (2018). A Study on a New Risk Estimation Method in Risk Assessment Techniques. Master Thesis, Inje University.

[10] Ministry of Employment and Labor (2023). New Guidebook for Risk Assessment 2023. Korea.

[11] Park, S. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Trends in Industrial Accident Rates among Major Countries. Korea.

[12] Toffel, M.W., Birkner, L.R. (2002). “Estimating and controlling workplace risk: An approach for occupational hygiene and safety professionals.” Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 477-485. 10.1080/10473220290035660

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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