Evaluation of the Applicability of FLACS and PHAST Models through the Analysis of Explosion Accidents in Chemical Plants

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2024.12.31.946

All Issue

2024 Vol.20, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

Evaluation of the Applicability of FLACS and PHAST Models through the Analysis of Explosion Accidents in Chemical Plants 화학공장에서 발생한 폭발사고 재현 및 분석을 통한 FLACS 및 PHAST 모델의 적용성 평가: 이경수¹ㆍ장창봉²ㆍ안수빈³*
Kyung-Su Lee¹, Chang-Bong Jang², Su-Bin An³*; ¹Team Leader, Disaster Scientific Investigation, National Disaster Management Research Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
²CEO, JCB Solution Co., Ltd., Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
³Senior Research Official, Disaster Scientific Investigation, National Disaster Management Research Institute, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

31 December 2024. pp. 946-958

PDF

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to scientifically analyze chemical plant explosion accidents using simulation techniques and evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of these methods. Method: Actual accident cases were replicated using 2D and 3D simulations, and the results were compared with real damage data to analyze the amount of leaked material contributing to the explosion and the explosion behavior. Result: The 3D simulation provided results that closely resemble real accident scenarios, considering factors such as turbulence and structural effects. On the other hand, the 2D simulation could predict the impact and extent of damage relatively quickly but had limitations in reflecting structural and turbulence effects. Conclusion: Simulation techniques can be effectively used for scientific analysis of the causes and impact of chemical accidents, providing a solid foundation for identifying accident causes and preventing the recurrence of similar incidents.

Keywords

Chemical Accident

Simulation

Fire&Explosion

Accident Investigation

Safety Management

연구목적: 본 연구는 화학공장 폭발사고에 대해 과학적으로 분석하기 위하여 시뮬레이션 기법을 활용하여 분석하고 그 적용성과 활용성에 대해 평가하고자 한다. 연구방법: 실제 사고사례를 대상으로 2D 및 3D 시뮬레이션을 통해 사고를 재현하고 실제 피해 현황과 비교하여 폭발에 기여한 누출량과 폭발 거동 등을 분석하였다. 연구결과: 3D 시뮬레이션은 난류, 구조물 등 영향을 고려하여 누출량, 폭발 거동 등 실제 사고 상황과 유사한 결과를 보이고 있으며, 2D 시뮬레이션은 상대적으로 빠르게 사고 피해 영향 및 범위를 예측할 수 있으나 구조물, 난류 등의 영향을 반영하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 결론: 시뮬레이션 기법은 화학사고의 과학적 원인분석과 피해 영향 평가에 유용하게 활용될 수 있으며, 이를 통해 사고의 원인규명과 유사사고 재발방지를 위한 과학적 기반을 제공할 수 있다.

키워드

화학사고

시뮬레이션

화재․폭발

사고조사

안전관리

References

Abg Shamsuddin, D.S.N., Mohd Fekeri, A.F., Muchtar, A., Khan, F., Khor, B.C., Lim, B.H., Rosli, M.I., Takriff, M.S. (2023). "Computational fluid dynamics modelling approaches of gas explosion in the chemical process industry: A review." Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Vol. 170, pp. 112-138.10.1016/j.psep.2022.11.090
An, S.B., Jang, C.B., Lee, K.S., Kwon, H.O. (2023). "A study on the analysis of chemical leakage accidents using CFD simulation." Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 346-354.
Crowl, D.A., Fouvar, J.F. (2019). Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications Fourth Edition (International Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering Sciences). Pearson, U.S.
Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) (2000). Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis. Wiley, U.S.
Gexcon (2019). FLACS v10.9 User's Manual. Bergen, Norway.
Gexcon (2020). FLACS CFD 20.0 User's Manual. Bergen, Norway.
I, Y.P., Cheng, T.L., (2021). "Application of CFD model in an LPG tank explosion accident." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 69, 104367.10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104367
KCIA (2024). 2024 Petrochemical Mini Book. Seoul.
KOSHA (2012). Technical Guidelines on Accident Damage Prediction Techniques, KOSHA GUIDE P-102-2012. Ulsan.
Kim, E.Y., Pakr, D.S. (2022). "Flow safety assessment by CFD analysis in one-touch insertion type pipe joint for refrigerant." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 550-559.
National Disaster Management Research Institute (NDMI) (2023). Development of Accurate Analysis Techniques for Environmental and Chemical Accidents(II). Ulsan.
National Disaster Management Research Institute (NDMI) (2022). Disaster Cause Investigation Report. Ulsan.
Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) (2015). Study on Damage Prediction in Explosion Accidents of Chemical Materials (Focused on Flammable Gas). Ulsan.
Qiao, A., Zhang, S. (2010). "Advanced CFD modeling on vapor dispersion and vapor cloud explosion." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 843-848.10.1016/j.jlp.2010.06.006
Sajid, Z., Khan, M.K., Rahnama, A., Moghaddam, F.S., Vardhan, K., Kalani, R. (2021). "Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and analysis of hydrocarbon vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) in amuay refinery and jaipur plant using FLACS." Processes, Vol. 9, No. 6, 960.10.3390/pr9060960
Yoo, B.T. (2021). "A study on improvement safety management through chemical accident investigations." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 403-414.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 20
No :4
Pages :946-958
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2024.12.31.946

[1] Abg Shamsuddin, D.S.N., Mohd Fekeri, A.F., Muchtar, A., Khan, F., Khor, B.C., Lim, B.H., Rosli, M.I., Takriff, M.S. (2023). "Computational fluid dynamics modelling approaches of gas explosion in the chemical process industry: A review." Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Vol. 170, pp. 112-138.10.1016/j.psep.2022.11.090

[2] An, S.B., Jang, C.B., Lee, K.S., Kwon, H.O. (2023). "A study on the analysis of chemical leakage accidents using CFD simulation." Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 346-354.

[3] Crowl, D.A., Fouvar, J.F. (2019). Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications Fourth Edition (International Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering Sciences). Pearson, U.S.

[4] Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) (2000). Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis. Wiley, U.S.

[5] Gexcon (2019). FLACS v10.9 User's Manual. Bergen, Norway.

[6] Gexcon (2020). FLACS CFD 20.0 User's Manual. Bergen, Norway.

[7] I, Y.P., Cheng, T.L., (2021). "Application of CFD model in an LPG tank explosion accident." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 69, 104367.10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104367

[8] KCIA (2024). 2024 Petrochemical Mini Book. Seoul.

[9] KOSHA (2012). Technical Guidelines on Accident Damage Prediction Techniques, KOSHA GUIDE P-102-2012. Ulsan.

[10] Kim, E.Y., Pakr, D.S. (2022). "Flow safety assessment by CFD analysis in one-touch insertion type pipe joint for refrigerant." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 550-559.

[11] National Disaster Management Research Institute (NDMI) (2023). Development of Accurate Analysis Techniques for Environmental and Chemical Accidents(II). Ulsan.

[12] National Disaster Management Research Institute (NDMI) (2022). Disaster Cause Investigation Report. Ulsan.

[13] Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) (2015). Study on Damage Prediction in Explosion Accidents of Chemical Materials (Focused on Flammable Gas). Ulsan.

[14] Qiao, A., Zhang, S. (2010). "Advanced CFD modeling on vapor dispersion and vapor cloud explosion." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 843-848.10.1016/j.jlp.2010.06.006

[15] Sajid, Z., Khan, M.K., Rahnama, A., Moghaddam, F.S., Vardhan, K., Kalani, R. (2021). "Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and analysis of hydrocarbon vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) in amuay refinery and jaipur plant using FLACS." Processes, Vol. 9, No. 6, 960.10.3390/pr9060960

[16] Yoo, B.T. (2021). "A study on improvement safety management through chemical accident investigations." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 403-414.

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

All Issue