Economic Feasibility Evaluation of Introducing an Axle Manipulation Detection System for Overloaded Vehicles

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2025.12.31.1115

All Issue

2025 Vol.21, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Economic Feasibility Evaluation of Introducing an Axle Manipulation Detection System for Overloaded Vehicles 차축 조작 과적차량 검지 기술 도입의 경제성 평가: 박현석¹*ㆍ최훈성²ㆍ신성필³ㆍ조용성⁴
Hyunsuk Park¹*, Hoonsung Choi², Sungpil Shin³, Yongsung Cho⁴; ¹Senior Researcher, Department of Highway&Transportation Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang, Republic of Korea
²Chief Executive Officer, Choice Value, Incheon, Republic of Korea
³Senior Researcher, Department of Highway&Transportation Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang, Republic of Korea
⁴Researcher Specialist, Department of Highway&Transportation Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang, Republic of Korea

31 December 2025. pp. 1115-1127

PDF

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluates the economic feasibility of an AI-based image-recognition axle- manipulation detection system for overloaded freight vehicles operating after passing highway inspection stations. Method: A nationwide deployment scenario(both directions at all expressway interchanges) was assessed using a 10-year cost–benefit analysis(CBA) with a 5.4% risk-adjusted discount rate; installation and maintenance costs were treated as costs and road maintenance savings as benefits, and scenario sensitivity analysis was conducted to address uncertainty in key assumptions. Result: The total installation cost was estimated at KRW 35.88 billion with annual maintenance at 10% of the installation cost, yielding a 10-year NPV of KRW 1.58 billion and a B/C ratio of 1.03. Conclusion: The proposed system can reduce road damage and maintenance costs due to overloading and may improve traffic safety; future work should focus on field validation and phased nationwide implementation.

Keywords

Axle Manipulation Detection

Overloaded Vehicle

Cost-benefit Analysis

Economic Feasibility

Intelligent Transportation System(ITS)

연구목적: 본 연구는 고속도로에서 과적검문소 통과 후 가변축을 조작하여 주행 중 과적 운행하는 화물차를 검지하는 AI 영상인식 기반 차축 조작 검지시스템의 경제성을 평가하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 전국 고속도로 나들목 양방향에 본 시스템을 설치하는 시나리오를 설정하고, 비용편익분석(CBA)을 수행하였다. 설치비와 유지관리비를 비용으로, 도로 유지보수비 절감을 편익으로 산정하였으며, 위험조정 할인율 5.4%를 적용하여 10년간 경제성을 분석하였다. 또한 핵심 가정들의 불확실성을 반영하기 위해 시나리오 민감도 분석을 추가로 수행하였다. 연구결과: 총 설치비는 약 358.8억 원, 연간 유지관리비는 10% 수준으로 추정되었다. 분석 결과 10년간 순현재가치(NPV)는 약 15억 8천만원, 비용편익비(B/C)는 1.03으로 나타나 시스템 도입의 경제성이 확인되었다. 결론: AI 기반 차축 조작 검지시스템은 과적에 따른 도로 손상과 유지관리비를 줄이고, 교통안전 향상에 기여할 수 있다. 향후 실도로 검증과 단계적 도입 전략 마련이 필요하다.

키워드

차축 조작 검지

과적차량

비용편익분석

경제성 평가

지능형교통체계(ITS)

References

Choi, Y.H., Kwon, S.M., Park, M.S. (2016). “An effectiveness analysis of pilot enforcement for overweight vehicles(Trucks) using high-speed weigh-in-motion system.” The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 63-73. 10.12815/kits.2016.15.2.063
HANKYOREH. https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/car/1006128.html
Hong, G.D., Lee, E.J., Park, C.H. (2023). “Development of AI image-recognition-based axle manipulation detection system for overloaded vehicles.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 1-12.
Karim, M.R., Ibrahim, N.I., Saifzul, A.A., Yamanaka, H. (2014). “Effectiveness of vehicle weight enforcement in a developing country using weigh-in-motion sorting system considering vehicle by-pass and enforcement capability.” IATSS Research, Vol. 37, pp. 124-129. 10.1016/j.iatssr.2013.06.004
Kim, H.S., Park, H.S., Choi, D.S., Oh, J.S. (2000). “The study on effectiveness & improvement of image processing system for enforcing overweight vehicles.” Proceedings of the 2000 Annual Conference (Vol. 4), Pyeongchang, pp. 25-28.
Kim, J.S., Park, S.M., Hong, C.H., Park, S.H., Lee, J.W. (2022). “Development of AI detection model based on CCTV image for underground utility tunnel.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 364-373. 10.15683/KOSDI.2022.6.30.364
Korean National Police Agency (2025). Police Specification for Unmanned Traffic Enforcement Equipment. Police-6310-98-0001-pa.
Kwon, S.M., Jung, Y.Y., Lee, J.H., Lee, K.B. (2012). “Technical trends of overweight enforcement using the HS-WIM.” Journal of the Korea Institute for Structural Maintenance and Inspection, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 4-12.
Ministry of Economy and Finance (2019). General Guidelines for Preliminary Feasibility Study, MOEF Ordinance No. 436, Article 50.
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2023). ITS Performance Evaluation Standards for the Automotive and Road Transport Sector. MOLIT Notice No. 2023-21.
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2023). Regulation on Performance and Standards of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, Ordinance No. 797.
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2024). 2024 Status on Road Repair and Maintenance. 11-1613000-100187-10.
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2024). Regulation on Restrictions on Vehicle Operation, MOLIT Directive No. 1832.
Ministry of the Interior and Safety (2017). Manual for Measuring Information System Operational Performance. MOIS Notice No. 2017-1.
National Logistics Information Center (2025). https://www.nlic.go.kr/nlic/carryCar0010.action
Park, H.S. (2023). “Development of a system to detect overloaded vehicles due to illegal axle manipulation based on hybrid sensors and overload checkpoint weigh-in information.” Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 567-575. 10.5762/KAIS.2023.24.8.567
Park, H.S., Kim, J.H., Nam, Y.K. (1999). “Analysis on effectiveness of weigh-in-motion systems.” Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Korean Society of Transportation, Korean Society of Transportation, Suwon, pp. 435-575.
THEKOREA. http://www.thekorea.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=news&wr_id=377046

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 21
No :4
Pages :1115-1127
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2025.12.31.1115

[1] Choi, Y.H., Kwon, S.M., Park, M.S. (2016). “An effectiveness analysis of pilot enforcement for overweight vehicles(Trucks) using high-speed weigh-in-motion system.” The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 63-73. 10.12815/kits.2016.15.2.063

[2] HANKYOREH. https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/car/1006128.html

[3] Hong, G.D., Lee, E.J., Park, C.H. (2023). “Development of AI image-recognition-based axle manipulation detection system for overloaded vehicles.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 1-12.

[4] Karim, M.R., Ibrahim, N.I., Saifzul, A.A., Yamanaka, H. (2014). “Effectiveness of vehicle weight enforcement in a developing country using weigh-in-motion sorting system considering vehicle by-pass and enforcement capability.” IATSS Research, Vol. 37, pp. 124-129. 10.1016/j.iatssr.2013.06.004

[5] Kim, H.S., Park, H.S., Choi, D.S., Oh, J.S. (2000). “The study on effectiveness & improvement of image processing system for enforcing overweight vehicles.” Proceedings of the 2000 Annual Conference (Vol. 4), Pyeongchang, pp. 25-28.

[6] Kim, J.S., Park, S.M., Hong, C.H., Park, S.H., Lee, J.W. (2022). “Development of AI detection model based on CCTV image for underground utility tunnel.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 364-373. 10.15683/KOSDI.2022.6.30.364

[7] Korean National Police Agency (2025). Police Specification for Unmanned Traffic Enforcement Equipment. Police-6310-98-0001-pa.

[8] Kwon, S.M., Jung, Y.Y., Lee, J.H., Lee, K.B. (2012). “Technical trends of overweight enforcement using the HS-WIM.” Journal of the Korea Institute for Structural Maintenance and Inspection, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 4-12.

[9] Ministry of Economy and Finance (2019). General Guidelines for Preliminary Feasibility Study, MOEF Ordinance No. 436, Article 50.

[10] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2023). ITS Performance Evaluation Standards for the Automotive and Road Transport Sector. MOLIT Notice No. 2023-21.

[11] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2023). Regulation on Performance and Standards of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, Ordinance No. 797.

[12] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2024). 2024 Status on Road Repair and Maintenance. 11-1613000-100187-10.

[13] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2024). Regulation on Restrictions on Vehicle Operation, MOLIT Directive No. 1832.

[14] Ministry of the Interior and Safety (2017). Manual for Measuring Information System Operational Performance. MOIS Notice No. 2017-1.

[15] National Logistics Information Center (2025). https://www.nlic.go.kr/nlic/carryCar0010.action

[16] Park, H.S. (2023). “Development of a system to detect overloaded vehicles due to illegal axle manipulation based on hybrid sensors and overload checkpoint weigh-in information.” Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 567-575. 10.5762/KAIS.2023.24.8.567

[17] Park, H.S., Kim, J.H., Nam, Y.K. (1999). “Analysis on effectiveness of weigh-in-motion systems.” Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Korean Society of Transportation, Korean Society of Transportation, Suwon, pp. 435-575.

[18] THEKOREA. http://www.thekorea.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=news&wr_id=377046

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

All Issue