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2026 Vol.22, Issue 2 Preview Page

Original Article

An Experimental Study on the Priority Detection Performance of Fire Detectors in Small Enclosed Space Fires

소공간 화재에서 감지기 유형별 우선 감지 성능에 관한 연구

김형섭1ㆍ한용택2*

Hyeong Seop Kim1, Yong Taek Han2*

1Graduate Student, Department of Fire & Disaster protection Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
2Assocaite Professor, Department of Fire & Disaster protection Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
30 June 2026. pp. 485-494
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify weaknesses in the fire detection stage and to provide foundational evidence for the rational selection of fire detectors by comparatively evaluating detection time performance for early fire detection in highly confined small compartments with a volume of less than 0.36m3, where fire incidents may occur. Method: Based on the laboratory specifications for the Class-3 fire suppression model commonly used in real small-compartment fire tests, experiments were conducted to evaluate early detection performance in small-space fire scenarios using three types of fire detectors. A total of six trials were performed, and the test space was ventilated after each trial to prevent any carryover effects on subsequent experiments. Result: The flame detector exhibited the highest early detection performance, followed by the heat detector, while the smoke detector showed the lowest performance among the three. Conclusion: This study investigated early fire detection in small enclosed spaces, and the experimental results demonstrated that flame detectors exhibited the fastest detection performance. However, given their limited application in real-world small-space environments, the findings underscore the necessity of considering detector selection and installation strategies tailored to the specific conditions of small enclosed spaces.
Keywords
Small Confined Spaces
Early Fire Detection
Detecting Performance
Fire Detectors
연구목적: 본연구는 0.36m3 미만으로 체적이 매우 제한적인 소공간에서의 화재가 일어났을 때, 화재를 우선적 감지를 위하여 감지기간의 성능을 비교함으로써 감지 단계에서의 취약점을 규명하고 합리적인 감지기 선정을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법: 실제 소공간 화재 시험에 사용되는 3등급 소화 모형 실험실 규격을 기반으로 소공간에서 일어날 수 있는 화재에서 3종류의 감지기를 사용하여 조기감지성능을 실험 하였다. 실험은 총 6번에 걸쳐 진행됐고, 각 실험이 종료될때 마다 환기를 시켜 다음 실험에 영향을 미치는 것을 방지하였다. 연구결과: 불꽃감지기의 조기감지성능이 가장 우수했고, 그 뒤로 열감지기, 연기감지기 순으로 우수한 것으로 결과가 도출 되었다. 결론: 현재 소공간에서의 화재가 꾸준히 일어나고 있다는 점에서 화재를 조기감지하기 위하여 실험을 진행하였으며, 불꽃 감지기의 감지가 가장 빠르다는 결과가 도출이 되었다. 그러나, 실제 소공간에서는 불꽃감지기의 사용이 거의 없는 상황을 반영하여 조건에 따른 소공간에서의 감지기 설치에 대한 다양한 고려가 필요하다는 점을 시사한다.
키워드
소공간
조기화재감지
감지성능
감지기
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
  • Volume : 22
  • No :2
  • Pages :485-494
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2026.6.30.485
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