The Counterflow Speed and Density of a Fire fighter in Corridor

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2019.03.31.76

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2019 Vol.15, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

The Counterflow Speed and Density of a Fire fighter in Corridor 복도에서 소방관에 의한 카운터플로우 발생 시 밀도와 속도 측정: 김운형¹ㆍ김흥열²ㆍ정우인³ㆍ김종훈⁴
Woon-Hyung Kim¹, Heung-Youl Kim², Woo-In Joung³, Jong-Hoon Kim⁴; ¹Professor, Department of Fire Safety Management Kyungmin University, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
²Senior Research Fellow, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea
³Director, H2K Solution Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
⁴Director, H2K Solution Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea

31 March 2019. pp. 76-83

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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present data of density and speed through the experiment of the counterflow by firefighter in corridor. Method: Experimental setup including a corridor in building was prepared for measuring data with 1.5m and 2m width. Normal flow and counterflow were created for each. Data were measured using camera and acquired by video image analysis. Results: The counterflow in corridor resulted in increasing average density of about 0.55P/m2 and decreasing average movement speed of about 0.61 m/s. These data measured during the time when the counterflow occurred. Conclusion: It was found that counterflow by firefighter in corridor momentary increasing the density and decreasing walking speed of evacuee. Further experiments of the counterflow effect in the total evacuation time are needed.

Keywords

People Density

Walking Speed

Counterflow

Firefighter

Corridor

연구목적: 본 연구는 화재 시 소방관에 의한 카운터플로우 현상에 따른 밀도와 속도 실험 데이터를 제시함을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 복도에서의 실험을 통하여 데이터를 측정하였다. 측정값을 위하여 복도 폭 1.5m 및 2m 각각에 대하여 일반적인 유동상황과 카운터플로우 발생상황을 구현하였다. 이동 시 데이터는 카메라를 통해 측정되었으며, 영상분석을 통해 데이터를 확보하였다. 연구결과: 복도에서의 카운터플로우의 발생은 평균밀도를 약 0.55P/m2정도 상승시키고, 정 방향 이동인들의 평균보행속도는 0.61m/s정도가 감소됨을 확인하였다. 이 데이터는 카운터플로우가 발생되는 시점에서 측정되었다. 결론: 카운터플로우 현상의 발생은 순간적으로 밀도를 상승시키고 평균보행속도의 감소를 초래함이 확인되었다. 전체피난에서의 카운터풀로우 영향에 대한 추가실험이 필요하다.

키워드

피난인 밀도

보행복도

카운터플로우

소방관

복도

References

Jessica K. (2007). An Investigation on the Effects of Firefighter Counterflow and Human Behavior in a Six-Story Building Evacuation. pp. 19-22.
Kim, W.-H., Yang, C.-G., Yang, G.-M., Joung, W.-I., Kim, J.-H. (2018). “A Video analysis of Movement Speed and Density of People in Building Corridor.” Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol.18, No.3, pp. 167-171. 10.9798/KOSHAM.2018.18.3.167
Kretz T., Grünebohm A., Kaufman M., Mazur F., Schreckenberg M. (2006). Experimental study of pedestrian counterflow in a corridor., Journal of Statistical Mechanics, pp. 10014. 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/10/P10001
Lawson, J. R., Vettori, R.L.(2005). “Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster – The Emergency Response Operations.” National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST National Construction Safety Team Act Reports, Vol. 1, pp. 81-83.
Liu X.-D., Song W.-G., Huo F.-Z., Jiang Z. G. (2014). “Experimental Study of Pedestrian Flow in a Fire-protection Evacuation Walk.” Procedia Engineering, Vol. 71, pp. 343-349. 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.04.049
National Fire Agency (2018). Statistical Yearbook of the Fire Department for 2018. pp. 55-60.
Shyam-Sunder, S. (2005). “Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster: Final Report of the National Construction Safety Team on the Collapses of the World Trade Center Towers (NIST NCSTAR 1).” National Institute of Standards and Technology, p. 190. 10.6028/NIST.NCSTAR.1
Tubbs, J.S., Meachame, B.J. (2007). Egress Design Solutions. JohnWiley & Sons, Inc. p. 313.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 15
No :1
Pages :76-83
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2019.03.31.76

[1] Jessica K. (2007). An Investigation on the Effects of Firefighter Counterflow and Human Behavior in a Six-Story Building Evacuation. pp. 19-22.

[2] Kim, W.-H., Yang, C.-G., Yang, G.-M., Joung, W.-I., Kim, J.-H. (2018). “A Video analysis of Movement Speed and Density of People in Building Corridor.” Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol.18, No.3, pp. 167-171. 10.9798/KOSHAM.2018.18.3.167

[3] Kretz T., Grünebohm A., Kaufman M., Mazur F., Schreckenberg M. (2006). Experimental study of pedestrian counterflow in a corridor., Journal of Statistical Mechanics, pp. 10014. 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/10/P10001

[4] Lawson, J. R., Vettori, R.L.(2005). “Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster – The Emergency Response Operations.” National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST National Construction Safety Team Act Reports, Vol. 1, pp. 81-83.

[5] Liu X.-D., Song W.-G., Huo F.-Z., Jiang Z. G. (2014). “Experimental Study of Pedestrian Flow in a Fire-protection Evacuation Walk.” Procedia Engineering, Vol. 71, pp. 343-349. 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.04.049

[6] National Fire Agency (2018). Statistical Yearbook of the Fire Department for 2018. pp. 55-60.

[7] Shyam-Sunder, S. (2005). “Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster: Final Report of the National Construction Safety Team on the Collapses of the World Trade Center Towers (NIST NCSTAR 1).” National Institute of Standards and Technology, p. 190. 10.6028/NIST.NCSTAR.1

[8] Tubbs, J.S., Meachame, B.J. (2007). Egress Design Solutions. JohnWiley & Sons, Inc. p. 313.

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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