A Study on the Operational Limitations of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED): Focusing on the Absence of Decision- Making Criteria and Structures

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2026.3.31.238

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2026 Vol.22, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

A Study on the Operational Limitations of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED): Focusing on the Absence of Decision- Making Criteria and Structures 범죄예방환경설계(CPTED) 사업 운영의 한계에 관한 연구 - 판단 기준과 판단 구조의 부재를 중심으로 -: 김상덕¹*ㆍ 송창영²ㆍ김우진³ㆍ정우철⁴ㆍ신유리⁵ㆍ김태환⁶
Sang-Duk Kim¹*, Chang-Young Song², Woo-Jin Kim³, Woo-Cheol Jeong⁴, Yulee Shin⁵, Tae-Hwan Kim⁶; ¹CEO, Safety Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
²Vice President, Safety Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
³Executive Director, Safety Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
⁴CEO, Urban Design Forum Co., Ltd. , Seoul, Republic of Korea
⁵Senior Researcher, Institute of Legal Studies, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
⁶Director, Disaster and Safety Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea

31 March 2026. pp. 238-248

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Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the operational limitations of CPTED projects in Korea by focusing on the absence of structured decision-making criteria and structures in the operational phase, rather than on design techniques or crime reduction outcomes. Methods: A qualitative analysis was conducted through a review of CPTED literature, an examination of domestic CPTED policies and practices, and a comparative analysis of international CPTED operational cases. Results: The findings indicate that although CPTED projects function institutionally through the design stage, the operational phase lacks structured decision-making criteria and structures, resulting in personalized decision-making, decision-making gaps, and repeated outcome-oriented accountability disputes. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the operational limitations of CPTED projects are more closely related to the absence of structured decision-making criteria and structures during the operational phase than to the effectiveness of design techniques.

Keywords

CPTED

Operations

Decision-Making Criteria

Decision-Making Structure

연구목적: 본 연구는 국내 범죄예방환경설계(CPTED) 사업의 운영 한계를 설계 기법이나 범죄 감소 성과의 문제로 환원하지 않고, 운영 단계에서 판단 기준과 판단 구조가 구조화되지 않은 상태라는 관점에서 검토한다. 연구방법: CPTED 이론과 선행연구 검토, 국내 CPTED 정책·제도 및 운영 실태 분석, 해외 CPTED 운영 사례 비교를 통해 사업 전 과정에서 발생하는 판단 지점과 운영 구조를 질적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과: 분석 결과, 국내 CPTED 사업은 설계 단계까지는 제도적으로 작동하나, 운영 단계에서는 구조화된 판단 기준과 판단 구조가 부재하여 판단의 개인화, 운영 단계의 판단 공백, 결과 중심 책임 논란이 반복되고 있음을 확인하였다. 결론: 이러한 결과는 CPTED 사업의 운영 한계가 설계 성과의 문제가 아니라, 운영 단계에서 판단 기준과 판단 구조가 구조화되지 않은 상태로 사업이 추진되어 온 데서 비롯된 구조적 문제임을 보여준다.

키워드

범죄예방환경설계

CPTED 운영

판단 기준

판단 구조

운영 한계

References

Armitage, R. (2013). Crime Prevention through Housing Design: Policy and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK. 10.1057/9781137316059
Cozens, P., Saville, G., Hillier, D. (2005). “Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): A review and modern bibliography.” Property Management, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 328-356. 10.1108/02637470510631483
Crowe, T.D. (2000). Crime Prevention through Environmental Design: Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK.
Ekblom, P. (2011). Crime Prevention, Security and Community Safety using the 5Is Framework. Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK. 10.1057/9780230298996
Hood, C. (2011). The Blame Game: Spin, Bureaucracy, and Self-preservation in Government. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. 10.1515/9781400836819
Korea Institute of Criminology and Justice (2020). A Study on the Effectiveness and Limitations of Crime Prevention Policies. Korea Institute of Criminology and Justice, Seoul, Korea.
Lee, J.H., Kim, S.D. (2020). “An analysis of CPTED project implementation and its effectiveness in Korea.” Korean Policy Sciences Review, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 45-68.
Moon, K.S. (2017). “Operational characteristics and institutional challenges of CPTED policy in Korea.” Journal of Korean Public Administration, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 67-94.
Moon, K.S., Lee, J.H. (2015). “A study on the policy application and limitations of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) in Korea.” Journal of Korean Criminology, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 85-112.
Newman, O. (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention through Urban Design. Macmillan, London, UK.
Park, H.H. (2019). “A study on the institutionalization of CPTED and its policy implications in Korea.” Korean Criminological Review, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 85-112.
Perrow, C. (1984). Normal Accidents: Living with High-risk Technologies. Basic Books, New York, NY, USA.
Reason, J. (1997). Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK.
Simon, H.A. (1997). Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-making Processes in Administrative Organizations (4th ed.). Free Press, New York, NY, USA.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 22
No :1
Pages :238-248
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2026.3.31.238

[1] Armitage, R. (2013). Crime Prevention through Housing Design: Policy and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK. 10.1057/9781137316059

[2] Cozens, P., Saville, G., Hillier, D. (2005). “Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): A review and modern bibliography.” Property Management, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 328-356. 10.1108/02637470510631483

[3] Crowe, T.D. (2000). Crime Prevention through Environmental Design: Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK.

[4] Ekblom, P. (2011). Crime Prevention, Security and Community Safety using the 5Is Framework. Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK. 10.1057/9780230298996

[5] Hood, C. (2011). The Blame Game: Spin, Bureaucracy, and Self-preservation in Government. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. 10.1515/9781400836819

[6] Korea Institute of Criminology and Justice (2020). A Study on the Effectiveness and Limitations of Crime Prevention Policies. Korea Institute of Criminology and Justice, Seoul, Korea.

[7] Lee, J.H., Kim, S.D. (2020). “An analysis of CPTED project implementation and its effectiveness in Korea.” Korean Policy Sciences Review, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 45-68.

[8] Moon, K.S. (2017). “Operational characteristics and institutional challenges of CPTED policy in Korea.” Journal of Korean Public Administration, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 67-94.

[9] Moon, K.S., Lee, J.H. (2015). “A study on the policy application and limitations of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) in Korea.” Journal of Korean Criminology, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 85-112.

[10] Newman, O. (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention through Urban Design. Macmillan, London, UK.

[11] Park, H.H. (2019). “A study on the institutionalization of CPTED and its policy implications in Korea.” Korean Criminological Review, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 85-112.

[12] Perrow, C. (1984). Normal Accidents: Living with High-risk Technologies. Basic Books, New York, NY, USA.

[13] Reason, J. (1997). Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK.

[14] Simon, H.A. (1997). Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-making Processes in Administrative Organizations (4th ed.). Free Press, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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