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2026 Vol.22, Issue 3 Preview Page

Original Article

Error Characteristics and Applicability Assessment of Height Determination Results Based on the KNGeoid24 Geoid Model and Field Calibration

KNGeoid24 지오이드모델과 현장 캘리브레이션 기반 고도결정 성과의 오차 특성 및 적용성 평가

박영근1ㆍ서용철2*

Young Keun Park1, Yong Cheol Suh2*

1Ph.D. Student, Department of Spatial Information System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
30 September 2026. pp. 1046-1062
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Abstract
Purpose: The Korean national geoid model KNGeoid24 was promulgated in 2024, but the need for field calibration in GNSS height surveying remains a practical issue, and the height reference used for disaster maps such as inundation trace maps must therefore be verified by terrain type. Method: Ten unified control points and benchmarks were observed by network RTK in a plain (Yeongcheon), a coastal area (Yeongdeok) and a mountainous area (Taebaek). Heights obtained from KNGeoid24 alone and with field calibration were compared with published heights at fifteen check points, and the RMSE was decomposed into the mean deviation and the standard deviation. Result: The RMSE was 2.31cm against 2.50cm in the plain, 4.38cm against 3.01cm in the coastal area and 3.06cm against 2.45cm in the mountainous area. Calibration reduced the standard deviation by 17.7 to 34.1 per cent in all areas but increased the mean deviation in the plain. In the coastal area the residuals were clearly correlated with the published height, indicating a systematic trend. Conclusion: The 3cm accuracy criterion for class-3 GNSS height surveying was met in the mountainous area only with calibration, whereas both methods remained within the 5cm class-4 criterion in the coastal area. Because inundation depth is the difference between the water level and the ground height, the coastal error of 4.38cm corresponds to about 12.7 years of mean sea level rise on the East Coast, so the height reference for coastal disaster maps should be verified before use.
Keywords
KNGeoid24
Field Calibration
GNSS Height Surveying
Height Determination
Error Characteristics
Applicability Assessment
Disaster Map
Inundation Depth
연구목적: 국가 지오이드모델 KNGeoid24가 2024년 고시되었으나 GNSS 높이측량에서 현장 캘리브레이션의 필요 여부는 여전히 실무적 쟁점이며, 침수흔적도 등 재해지도가 근거로 삼는 높이 기준을 지형별로 검증할 필요가 있다. 연구방법: 평지(영천시), 해안(영덕군), 산악(태백시)에서 통합기준점과 수준점 각 10점을 네트워크 RTK 방식으로 관측하고, KNGeoid24 단독 적용과 현장 캘리브레이션 적용의 표고를 검사점 15점의 고시성과와 비교한 뒤 RMSE를 평균 편차와 표준편차로 분해하였다. 연구결과: RMSE는 평지에서 각각 2.31cm와 2.50cm, 해안에서 4.38cm와 3.01cm, 산악에서 3.06cm와 2.45cm였다. 캘리브레이션은 모든 지형에서 표준편차를 17.7~34.1% 줄였으나 평지에서는 평균 편차를 키웠고, 해안에서는 잔차가 표고와 뚜렷한 선형관계(r = −0.993)를 보여 계통적 경향이 확인되었다. 결론: GNSS 높이측량 정확도 기준(3급 3cm, 4급 5cm)에 대하여 3급은 산악에서 캘리브레이션을 적용한 경우에만 충족되었고 해안에서는 두 방법 모두 4급에 머물렀다. 침수심이 수위와 지반고의 차로 결정되는 만큼, 해안의 4.38cm 오차는 동해안 평균 해수면 상승 약 12.7년치에 해당하므로 연안 재해지도의 높이 기준은 사용 전 검증되어야 한다.
키워드
KNGeoid24
현장 캘리브레이션
GNSS 높이측량
고도결정
오차 특성
적용성 평가
재해지도
침수심
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
  • Volume : 22
  • No :3
  • Pages :1046-1062
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2026.9.30.1046
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