Structural Interpretation of Elementary School Space-Innovation Factors Using AHP-Based Analysis: A User-Experience Perspective

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2026.3.31.274

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2026 Vol.22, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

Structural Interpretation of Elementary School Space-Innovation Factors Using AHP-Based Analysis: A User-Experience Perspective AHP 기반 분석을 통한 초등학교 학교공간혁신 요소의 구조적 특성 해석: 사용자 경험 관점을 중심으로: 황정하¹ㆍ정준²ㆍ문유미³*
Jung Ha Hwang¹, Joon Jung², Yu Mi Moon³*; ¹Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Construction Safety Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
²Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Construction Safety Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
³Visiting Professor, General Graduate School, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea

31 March 2026. pp. 274-289

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to hierarchically structure the importance of spatial characteristics in elementary school space innovation and to derive their relative weights using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Method: A framework of spatial characteristics was established through literature review and case analysis, followed by a pairwise comparison survey administered to experts with practical experience in school space innovation. Result: The results showed that the consistency ratio (CR) of the upper-level criteria was 0.01, satisfying the acceptable threshold (CR ≤ 0.10), while all sub-criteria also met the consistency requirement. Integrated weight analysis revealed that safety, connectivity, and interaction were the most critical factors. These findings indicate that school space innovation prioritizes safety and comfort while supporting activity expansion and social interaction, rather than focusing solely on visual improvement. Conclusion: This study provides quantitative evidence to support decision-making in planning, remodeling, and budget allocation for school space innovation. However, the analysis is limited to a single elementary school case, suggesting the need for future comparative studies across different school levels and user groups.

Keywords

School Space Innovation

Spatial Characteristics

AHP

Consistency Ratio

Elementary School

본 연구는 초등학교 학교공간혁신을 구성하는 공간특성의 중요도를 계층적으로 구조화하고, 연구목적: AHP 기법을 적용하여 상대적 가중치와 우선순위를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 문헌 고찰과 사례 분석을 통해 공간특성 체계를 정립한 후, 공간혁신 실무 경험을 보유한 전문가를 대상으로 쌍대비교 방식의 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석결과: 상위 기준의 일관성비율(CR)은 0.01로 기준치(CR ≤ 0.10)를 충족하였으며, 하위 요인 수준에서도 모든 기준에서 CR 값이 0.046 이하로 나타나 판단의 일관성이 확보되었다. 또한 통합가중치 분석 결과, 안전성, 연계성, 상호작용성이 높은 중요도를 보여 학교공간혁신의 핵심 요소로 도출되었다. 이는 학교공간혁신이 시각적 개선 중심이 아닌, 안전과 쾌적성을 기반으로 활동 확장과 관계 형성을 중시하는 구조로 인식되고 있음을 시사한다. 결론: 본 연구는 학교공간혁신을 의사결정 구조로 실증 분석함으로써 설계·리모델링·예산 배분 단계에서 활용 가능한 정량적 근거를 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 다만 단일 초등학교 사례에 한정된 분석이라는 한계를 지니며, 향후 학교급별 및 사용자 집단별 비교 연구가 요구된다.

키워드

공간혁신

개방성

유희성

자연친화성

탈경계성

다양성 AHP 계층분석

References

Hwang, J.-H. (2020). A Study on the Importance of Spatial Characteristics based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in School Space Innovation: A Case Study of Cheongwon Elementary School. Master Thesis, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyonggi University.
Kim, B.-M., Yang H.-J.,Lee, K.-H. (2020). “A study on physical environment for creative convergence education - Analysis of domestic and foreign school space innovation cases.” Youth Facilities And Environment, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 15-26. 10.55063/KIYFE.2020.18.2.2
Kwon, S.-C. (2024). An Analysis of the Educational Effects of Space Innovation for the Sustainability of Small-scale Schools: A Case Study of Gyeongsangbuk-do. Master Thesis, Graduate School of Educational Policy, Korea National University of Education.
Lee, H.-H., Koo, J.-P., Kim, J.-W., Park, J.-R. (2019). “Linking educational autonomy innovation with school space innovation: Focusing on Sejong Special Self-Governing City.” Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 33-44.
Lee, S.-M., Kwon, H.-K, Lee, H.-J. (2020). An Analysis of the Educational Effects of School Space Innovation. Korean Educational Development Institute, RR 2020-25, JinCheon.
Lee, Y.-J. (2022). “A proposal for university library space configuration as a learning commons for educational innovation in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A case study of Changwon National University Central Library.” Journal of the Korean Institute of Spatial Design, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 97-111.
Lotfabadi, P., Iranmanesh, A. (2023). “Evaluation of learning methods in architecture design studio via analytic hierarchy process: A case study.” Technology and Society, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 674-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2237054 10.1080/17452007.2023.2237054
Maphosa, C., Mutopa, S. (2012). “Teachers’ awareness of their role in planning and implementing school-based curriculum innovation.” Anthropologist, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 99-106.
OECD (2017). Innovating Education and Educating for Innovation: The Power of Digital Technologies and Skills. OECD Publishing, Paris.
OECD (2019). OECD Learning Environments Evaluation Programme (LEEP): School User Survey Framework. OECD Publishing, Paris.
Park, M.-H. (2024). A Study on the Impacts of School Space Innovation Projects: Focusing on High Schools Implementing the Credit-based High School System in Gyeongnam Province. Master Thesis, Graduate School of Educational Policy, Korea National University of Education.
Zhang, J., Hong, H.-Y., Scardamalia, M., Morley, E.A., Teo, C. (2011). “Sustaining knowledge building as a principle-based innovation at an elementary school.” Educational Theory and Practice Faculty Scholarship, Vol. 8, pp. 1-32. 10.1080/10508406.2011.528317
Zhao, T., Yu, L., Jiang, X., Yang, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, M., Yan, Y., Wu, H., Xu, F. (2025). “Construction of a public health practice teaching quality evaluation system based on the CIPP model using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method.” BMC Medical Education, Vol. 25, pp. 1-15. 10.1186/s12909-025-06943-z 40075366 PMC11899688

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 22
No :1
Pages :274-289
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2026.3.31.274

[1] Hwang, J.-H. (2020). A Study on the Importance of Spatial Characteristics based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in School Space Innovation: A Case Study of Cheongwon Elementary School. Master Thesis, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyonggi University.

[2] Kim, B.-M., Yang H.-J.,Lee, K.-H. (2020). “A study on physical environment for creative convergence education - Analysis of domestic and foreign school space innovation cases.” Youth Facilities And Environment, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 15-26. 10.55063/KIYFE.2020.18.2.2

[3] Kwon, S.-C. (2024). An Analysis of the Educational Effects of Space Innovation for the Sustainability of Small-scale Schools: A Case Study of Gyeongsangbuk-do. Master Thesis, Graduate School of Educational Policy, Korea National University of Education.

[4] Lee, H.-H., Koo, J.-P., Kim, J.-W., Park, J.-R. (2019). “Linking educational autonomy innovation with school space innovation: Focusing on Sejong Special Self-Governing City.” Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 33-44.

[5] Lee, S.-M., Kwon, H.-K, Lee, H.-J. (2020). An Analysis of the Educational Effects of School Space Innovation. Korean Educational Development Institute, RR 2020-25, JinCheon.

[6] Lee, Y.-J. (2022). “A proposal for university library space configuration as a learning commons for educational innovation in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A case study of Changwon National University Central Library.” Journal of the Korean Institute of Spatial Design, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 97-111.

[7] Lotfabadi, P., Iranmanesh, A. (2023). “Evaluation of learning methods in architecture design studio via analytic hierarchy process: A case study.” Technology and Society, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 674-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2237054 10.1080/17452007.2023.2237054

[8] Maphosa, C., Mutopa, S. (2012). “Teachers’ awareness of their role in planning and implementing school-based curriculum innovation.” Anthropologist, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 99-106.

[9] OECD (2017). Innovating Education and Educating for Innovation: The Power of Digital Technologies and Skills. OECD Publishing, Paris.

[10] OECD (2019). OECD Learning Environments Evaluation Programme (LEEP): School User Survey Framework. OECD Publishing, Paris.

[11] Park, M.-H. (2024). A Study on the Impacts of School Space Innovation Projects: Focusing on High Schools Implementing the Credit-based High School System in Gyeongnam Province. Master Thesis, Graduate School of Educational Policy, Korea National University of Education.

[12] Zhang, J., Hong, H.-Y., Scardamalia, M., Morley, E.A., Teo, C. (2011). “Sustaining knowledge building as a principle-based innovation at an elementary school.” Educational Theory and Practice Faculty Scholarship, Vol. 8, pp. 1-32. 10.1080/10508406.2011.528317

[13] Zhao, T., Yu, L., Jiang, X., Yang, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, M., Yan, Y., Wu, H., Xu, F. (2025). “Construction of a public health practice teaching quality evaluation system based on the CIPP model using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method.” BMC Medical Education, Vol. 25, pp. 1-15. 10.1186/s12909-025-06943-z 40075366 PMC11899688

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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