Data-Driven Analysis of Response Priorities and Educational Model Development for Lithium-Ion Battery Fires

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2026.3.31.321

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2026 Vol.22, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

Data-Driven Analysis of Response Priorities and Educational Model Development for Lithium-Ion Battery Fires 리튬 이온 배터리 화재 대응 우선순위의 데이터 기반 분석 및 교육모델 개발: 김용주¹ㆍ박호현²*
Yong-Joo Kim¹, Ho-Hyun Park²*; ¹Graduate Student, Department of ICT Convergence Safety, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
²Professor, Department of ICT Convergence Safety, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

31 March 2026. pp. 321-332

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze firefighters’ risk perception and quantify response priorities for lithium-ion battery fires to improve field response quality and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Method: An empirical survey was conducted with 102 active firefighters using convenience sampling. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the relative weights of core actions including danger zone control, battery cooling, power cut-off, and site information check, with logical consistency verified (CR = 0.010). Result: The analysis revealed a significant gap between high risk awareness (M = 3.58) and relatively low confidence in ICT-based data utilization (M = 2.74) and environmental pollution control (M = 2.48). AHP results established the response hierarchy with ‘Danger Zone Control’ (32.3%) as the top priority, followed by ‘Battery Cooling’ (27.2%), ‘Power Cut-off’ (26.6%), and ‘Site Info Check’ (13.9%). Conclusion: Based on these findings, a 3-module education program and a practical “1-2-3 Response Card” are proposed. This study suggests a standardized 4-step SOP including Danger Zone Control, Battery Cooling, Power Cut-off, and Site Info Check to maximize firefighter safety and minimize secondary disaster damage.

Keywords

Lithium-ion Battery

Firefighter Perception

AHP

Response Priority

Electric Vehicle Fire

연구목적: 본 연구는 리튬이온 배터리 화재의 특수 위험성에 대응하여 소방관의 인식을 분석하고, 설문조사 결과를 기반으로 초기 대응 우선순위를 정량화하여 교육모델 개선 방향을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 현직 소방공무원 102명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 계층분석법(AHP)을 적용하여 위험구역 통제, 배터리 냉각, 전원 차단, 현장 정보 확인 등 핵심 대응 요소의 상대적 가중치를 산출하고 논리적 타당성을 검증하였다(CR = 0.010). 연구결과: 분석 결과, 배터리 화재의 위험 인식(M = 3.58)은 높으나 ICT 정보 활용 능력(M = 2.74)과 오염물질 통제 역량(M = 2.48)은 상대적으로 낮은 ‘인식-역량 격차’가 확인되었다. AHP 결과, 초기 5분 대응 우선순위는 위험구역 통제(32.3%)가 최우선이었으며, 배터리 냉각(27.2%), 전원 차단(26.6%), 현장 정보 확인(13.9%) 순으로 나타났다. 결론: 분석 결과를 토대로 3단계 모듈형 교육 프로그램과 현장용 ‘1-2-3 대응카드’를 제안하였다. 이는 향후 SOP를 ‘위험구역 통제 → 배터리 냉각 → 전원 차단 → 현장정보 확인’ 체계로 표준화하여 소방대원의 안전 확보와 과학적 재난 대응 체계 구축에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

키워드

리튬 이온 배터리

소방관 인식

계층분석법

대응 우선순위

전기차 화재

References

Ha, T.-W., Park, P.-K. (2023). “The study on next-generation fire blanket for electric vehicle fires.” Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 45-51. 10.31333/kihm.2023.11.1.45
Im, S. (2024). “Analysis of the current status, perception, and confidence of firefighters in responding to electric vehicle fires in underground parking lots.” The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 135-151. 10.14408/KJEMS.2024.28.3.135
Jeong, W. S., Pyun, Y. B., Yun, H. S., Lee, J. J. (2024). “Research on vulnerability assessment indicators and weights for ship accident using AHP analysis.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 609-619. 10.15683/KOSDI.2024.9.30.609
Kim, S.-K., Choi, S.-G., Jin, S.-Y., Bang, S.-S. (2019). “An experimental study on fire risks due to overcharge and external heat of ESS lithium battery.” Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 59-69. 10.7731/KIFSE.2019.33.4.059
Lee, E.-P. (2019). “Analysis of car fire cases related to a lithium battery and cause investigation technique.” Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 98-106. 10.7731/KIFSE.2019.33.2.098
Lim, O.K. (2024). “Fire risk mitigation strategies for electric and hydrogen vehicle car parks.” Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 46-55. 10.7731/KIFSE.6da25455
Oh, E.-Y., Min, D.S., Han, J.Y., Jung, S., Kang, T.-S. (2019). “Consequence analysis of toxic gases generated by fire of lithium ion batteries in electric vehicles.” Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 54-61. 10.7842/KIGAS.2019.23.1.54
Park, K.-M., Kim, J.-H., Park, J.-Y., Bang, S.-B. (2018). “A study on the fire risk of ESS through fire status and field investigation.” Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 91-99. 10.7731/KIFSE.2018.32.6.091
Park, N.-K., Ham, S.-H. (2024). “A study of institutional improvements for responding to electric vehicle fires: Focusing on the case of Seoul.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 32-39.
Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill, New York, US. 10.21236/ADA214804

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 22
No :1
Pages :321-332
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2026.3.31.321

[1] Ha, T.-W., Park, P.-K. (2023). “The study on next-generation fire blanket for electric vehicle fires.” Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 45-51. 10.31333/kihm.2023.11.1.45

[2] Im, S. (2024). “Analysis of the current status, perception, and confidence of firefighters in responding to electric vehicle fires in underground parking lots.” The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 135-151. 10.14408/KJEMS.2024.28.3.135

[3] Jeong, W. S., Pyun, Y. B., Yun, H. S., Lee, J. J. (2024). “Research on vulnerability assessment indicators and weights for ship accident using AHP analysis.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 609-619. 10.15683/KOSDI.2024.9.30.609

[4] Kim, S.-K., Choi, S.-G., Jin, S.-Y., Bang, S.-S. (2019). “An experimental study on fire risks due to overcharge and external heat of ESS lithium battery.” Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 59-69. 10.7731/KIFSE.2019.33.4.059

[5] Lee, E.-P. (2019). “Analysis of car fire cases related to a lithium battery and cause investigation technique.” Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 98-106. 10.7731/KIFSE.2019.33.2.098

[6] Lim, O.K. (2024). “Fire risk mitigation strategies for electric and hydrogen vehicle car parks.” Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 46-55. 10.7731/KIFSE.6da25455

[7] Oh, E.-Y., Min, D.S., Han, J.Y., Jung, S., Kang, T.-S. (2019). “Consequence analysis of toxic gases generated by fire of lithium ion batteries in electric vehicles.” Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 54-61. 10.7842/KIGAS.2019.23.1.54

[8] Park, K.-M., Kim, J.-H., Park, J.-Y., Bang, S.-B. (2018). “A study on the fire risk of ESS through fire status and field investigation.” Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 91-99. 10.7731/KIFSE.2018.32.6.091

[9] Park, N.-K., Ham, S.-H. (2024). “A study of institutional improvements for responding to electric vehicle fires: Focusing on the case of Seoul.” Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 32-39.

[10] Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill, New York, US. 10.21236/ADA214804

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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