A Study on Measurements of Autoignition and Activation Energy of Superabsorbent Polymers

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2023.6.30.292

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2023 Vol.19, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

A Study on Measurements of Autoignition and Activation Energy of Superabsorbent Polymers 고흡수성 중합체의 자연발화와 활성화에너지 측정에 관한 연구: 허종만¹ㆍ최재욱^2,3*
Jong-Man Heo¹, Jae-Wook Choi^2,3*; ¹Graduate Student, Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
²Emeritus Professor, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
³Head of the Institute, Ulsan Fire Fighting Engineering Inc., Ulsan, Republic of Korea

30 June 2023. pp. 292-304

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Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain experimental data for the establishment of preventive measures against fire, as large and small fire accidents occur at production and storage sites of superabsorbent polymers developed for the convenience of daily life. Method: The sample container was fixed at 0.2m in both length and width, and was shaped into a rectangular cuboid with heights of 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, and 14cm to access an infinite flat plane. The sample container was fixed in the center of a thermostatic bath that was heated to a predetermined temperature according to a preset temperature control program. If the central temperature of the sample rose more than 20°C above the set temperature, it was determined to have ‘ignited’, and if it remained similar to the set temperature, it was determined to have ‘unignited’. Result: The critical autoignition temperature was calculated to be 212.5°C for a sample container with a height of 3cm, 202.5°C for 5cm, 192.5°C for 7cm, and 177.5°C for 14cm. The ignition induction time to reach the highest temperature was approximately 42hours for 3cm, 91hours for 5cm, 151hours for 7cm, and 300hours for 14cm. Conclusion: ① As the size of the sample container increased, the autoignition temperature decreased and the ignition induction time to reach the highest temperature increased. ② The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 39.30kcal/mol, with a correlation of 99.5%.

Keywords

Superabsorbent Polymer

Autoignition

Critical Ignition Temperature

Ignition Induction Time

Apparent Activation Energy

연구목적: 일상생활의 편의를 위해 개발된 고흡수성 중합체가 생산 및 저장 사업장에서 크고 작은 발화사고가 발생하고 있는 바, 이에 대한 화재사고 예방대책 수립을 위한 실험적인 기초자료의 확보를 위해 이 연구를 수행하였다. 연구방법: 시료용기를 가로 및 세로는 0.2m로 고정하고, 폭을 각각 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, 그리고 14cm의 크기로 직육면체 형태로 하여 무한평판에 접근하게 하였다. 미리 설정된 온도제어 프로그램에 따라 소정의 온도로 가열되게 한 항온조 중심부에 시료용기를 고정시키고 중심부의 온도가 설정하여 둔 온도보다 20°C이상 상승한 경우를 ｢발화｣한 것으로, 시료의 중심부 온도가 설정하여 둔 온도와 유사하게 지속되었을 경우를 ｢비발화｣한 것으로 판정하였다. 연구결과: 자연발화의 한계온도는 시료용기의 폭이 3cm일 때 212.5°C, 5cm일 때 202.5°C, 7cm일 때 192.5°C, 그리고 14cm일 때에는 177.5°C로 산출되었다. 최고의 온도에 도달되는 발화를 위한 유도시간은 3cm일 경우 약 42시간, 5cm일 경우 약 91시간, 7cm일 경우 약 151시간, 그리고 14cm일 경우 약 300시간으로 나타났다. 결론: ① 시료 용기의 크기가 커질수록 자연발화온도는 낮아지고, 최고의 온도에 도달되는 발화를 위한 유도시간은 길어졌다. ② 겉보기활성화에너지는 39.30 [kcal/mol]으로 산출되었으며, 상관도는 99.5%였다.

키워드

고흡수성 중합체

자연발화

발화한계온도

발화유도시간

겉보기 활성화에너지

References

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1998). Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Combustible Dusts. ASTM E 1515-98, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
Choi, I.G., Cho, I.K., Mok, Y.S., Lee, D.H., Choi, J.W., Ha, D.M. (1998). "The Measurement of minimum ignition energy and explosion limit for pine tree dust." The Korean Institute of Gas, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 55-60.
Choi, J.W., Mok, Y.S., Ha, D.M. (2001). "A study on spontaneous ignition of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose." Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 34-40.
Choi, J.W., Mok, Y.S., Ok, G., Sagong, S.H. (1999). "A study on the spontaneous ignition of painting waste." The Korean Society of Safety, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 90-96.
Choi, Y.J., Kim, J.H., Choi, J.W. (2017). "A study on the spontaneous ignition characteristics and fire risk of commercial wood pellets." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 623-628.
Frank-Kamenetskii, D.A. (1969). Diffusion and Heat Transfer in Chemical Kinetises. 2nd., Trans by Appleton, Pleum Press, Princeton, New Jersey, pp. 5-36.
International Electrotechnicla Commission (IEC) (1994). Electrical Apparatus for Use in the Presence of Ignitable Dust : Part2 ; Test Method, Section 3, Method for Determining the Minimum Ignition Energy of Dust/Air Mixtures. IEC, Geneva.
International Standard Organization (ISO) (1985). Explosion Protection Systems-Part 1 : Determination of explosion indices of combustible dusts in air. ISO 6184/1.
Kim, K.S., Choi, Y.J., Choi, J.W. (2022). "An experimental study on the spontaneous ignition of flaxseed oil and olive oil adsorbed on towels." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 324-332.
KOSHA (2021). Material Safety Data Sheet of Acrylic acid polymer, Sodium salt. http://msds.kosha.or.kr.
Lee, K.J. (2020). "A strategy of smart city growth through social and living lab." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 291-298.
Matsumoto Y. (2012). "Applications of superabsorbent polymers." Japan Energy and Technology Intelligence, Vol. 60, No. 8, pp. 47-51.
Mok, Y.S., Choi, J.W. (1992). "A study on auto ignition of granulated activated carbon with change of ambient temperature." Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 45-53.
Mok, Y.S., Choi, J.W. (2001). "A study on autoignition characteristics of methylmethacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer." Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 83-88.
Semenov, N.N. (1935). Chemical Kinetics and Chain Reactions." Oxford University Press, Oxford Oxfordshire.
Shinjiro K. (2010). "The technology development of the super absorbent polymer." Japan Energy and Technology Intelligence, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 76-80.
Takeda H. (1976). "Theory of thermal ignition." Industrial Pyrotechnics Association, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 15-20.
United National (1999). Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, 11th Revised Edition, New York and Geneva.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 19
No :2
Pages :292-304
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2023.6.30.292

[1] American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1998). Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Combustible Dusts. ASTM E 1515-98, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.

[2] Choi, I.G., Cho, I.K., Mok, Y.S., Lee, D.H., Choi, J.W., Ha, D.M. (1998). "The Measurement of minimum ignition energy and explosion limit for pine tree dust." The Korean Institute of Gas, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 55-60.

[3] Choi, J.W., Mok, Y.S., Ha, D.M. (2001). "A study on spontaneous ignition of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose." Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 34-40.

[4] Choi, J.W., Mok, Y.S., Ok, G., Sagong, S.H. (1999). "A study on the spontaneous ignition of painting waste." The Korean Society of Safety, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 90-96.

[5] Choi, Y.J., Kim, J.H., Choi, J.W. (2017). "A study on the spontaneous ignition characteristics and fire risk of commercial wood pellets." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 623-628.

[6] Frank-Kamenetskii, D.A. (1969). Diffusion and Heat Transfer in Chemical Kinetises. 2nd., Trans by Appleton, Pleum Press, Princeton, New Jersey, pp. 5-36.

[7] International Electrotechnicla Commission (IEC) (1994). Electrical Apparatus for Use in the Presence of Ignitable Dust : Part2 ; Test Method, Section 3, Method for Determining the Minimum Ignition Energy of Dust/Air Mixtures. IEC, Geneva.

[8] International Standard Organization (ISO) (1985). Explosion Protection Systems-Part 1 : Determination of explosion indices of combustible dusts in air. ISO 6184/1.

[9] Kim, K.S., Choi, Y.J., Choi, J.W. (2022). "An experimental study on the spontaneous ignition of flaxseed oil and olive oil adsorbed on towels." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 324-332.

[10] KOSHA (2021). Material Safety Data Sheet of Acrylic acid polymer, Sodium salt. http://msds.kosha.or.kr.

[11] Lee, K.J. (2020). "A strategy of smart city growth through social and living lab." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 291-298.

[12] Matsumoto Y. (2012). "Applications of superabsorbent polymers." Japan Energy and Technology Intelligence, Vol. 60, No. 8, pp. 47-51.

[13] Mok, Y.S., Choi, J.W. (1992). "A study on auto ignition of granulated activated carbon with change of ambient temperature." Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 45-53.

[14] Mok, Y.S., Choi, J.W. (2001). "A study on autoignition characteristics of methylmethacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer." Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 83-88.

[15] Semenov, N.N. (1935). Chemical Kinetics and Chain Reactions." Oxford University Press, Oxford Oxfordshire.

[16] Shinjiro K. (2010). "The technology development of the super absorbent polymer." Japan Energy and Technology Intelligence, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 76-80.

[17] Takeda H. (1976). "Theory of thermal ignition." Industrial Pyrotechnics Association, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 15-20.

[18] United National (1999). Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, 11th Revised Edition, New York and Geneva.

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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