Investigation Study on Underground Cavity Scale Estimation Based on GPR Exploration

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2023.9.30.737

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2023 Vol.19, Issue 3 Preview Page

Original Article

Investigation Study on Underground Cavity Scale Estimation Based on GPR Exploration 지하공동 규모 평가를 위한 GPR 탐사 기반의 조사 연구: 윤병조¹*ㆍ임한주²ㆍ김연규³
Byoung-Jo Yoon¹*, Han-Joo Lim², Yeon-Gyu Kim³; ¹Professor, College of Urban Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
²Researcher, College of Urban Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
³Researcher, College of Urban Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

30 September 2023. pp. 737-746

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Abstract

Purpose: Ground subsidence due to cavity can bring about various problems, such as casualties, decrease of the safety of the structures, and indirect social costs. Therefore, ground subsidence should be prevented through the exploration and recovery of the cavity under the pavements. Method: In this study, GPR exploration method was carried out on both actual roadway and mock-up site to compensate for the problems caused by excavation and restoration process. Result: This study compared the cavity scales obtained from GPR exploration results and the direct excavation of the identified cavity. It was confirmed that the predicted soil depth by GPR exploration was similar to the identified soil depth, but the predicted cavity scale by GPR exploration overestimated the longitudinal and cross-sectional widths compared to the identified cavity scale. Conclusion: Based on the correlation between the predicted cavity scales by GPR exploration, it is possible to qualitatively estimate the cavity scales using the empirical formula proposed in this study.

Keywords

Underground cavity scale

Ground penetrating radar exploration

Soil depth

Longitudinal and cross-sectional width

연구목적: 도로에서 공동에 의해 지반함몰이 발생하는 경우에는 인명피해, 구조물의 기능성 저하 및 사회적 간접비용 증가와 같은 다양한 문제가 나타나게 된다. 따라서, 도로가 함몰되기 전에, 도로하부의 공동 탐사 및 복구를 통한 지반함몰 방지가 필요하다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서는 기존의 개착을 통한 공동규모 산정방법의 문제점을 보완하기 위하여, GPR 기반의 공동규모 확인실험을 수행하였다. 연구결과: 실제 도로에서 발생한 공동을 대상으로 GPR 탐사결과와 개착을 통해 공동의 규모를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 공동의 발생 깊이에 대한 예측결과는 확인공동의 토피고와 유사한 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 공동의 종단 및 횡단 규모 차이를 분석한 결과, GPR 탐사결과가 확인공동에 비하여 매우 크게 예측하는 것으로 분석되었다. 도로현장 실험에 있어서, 공동 규모의 차이 및 비율은 일정한 경향을 발견할 수 없었으며, 이는 공동 확인 과정에서 일부 공동의 붕괴 및 함몰과 같은 문제점이 원인으로 분석되었다. 결론: 실험 결과로부터 도출된 공동의 규모 비와 산정 식으로 보정된 규모 비를 비교한 결과, 산정식 기반의 경험적 산정 방법을 바탕으로 공동 규모의 정량적 예측이 충분히 가능한 것을 알 수 있었다.

키워드

지하공동 규모

지표투과레이다 탐사

토피고

종단 및 횡단 폭

References

Benedetto, A., Pensa, S. (2007). "Indirect diagnosis of pavement structural damages using surface GPR reflection techniques." Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 107-123. 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.09.001
Cassidy, N.J., Eddies, R., Dods, S. (2011). "Void detection beneath reinforced concrete sections: The practical application of ground penetrating radar and ultrasonic techniques." Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 74, pp. 263-273. 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.06.003
Daniels, D.J. (2004). Ground Penetrating Radar, 2nd ed., IEE Radar Sonar Navigation and Avionics Series. The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London.
Endres, A.L., Clement, W.P., Rudolph, D.L. (2000). "Ground penetrating radar imaging of an aquifer during a pumping test." Ground Water, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 566-576. 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00249.x
Hagrey, S.A., Müller, C. (2000). "GPR study of pore water content and salinity in sand." Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 63-85. 10.1046/j.1365-2478.2000.00180.x
Kang, Y.V., Hsu, H.C. (2013). "Application of ground penetrating radar to identify shallow cavities in a coastal dyke." Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 23-28.
Kim, B.W., Kim, H.S., Choi, D.H., Koh, Y.K. (2013). "Estimation of ground water table using Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) in a sand tank model and at an alluvial field site." The Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 201-216. 10.9720/kseg.2013.3.201
Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists (2011). Practical Guidelines for Geophysical Exploration, Hanrimwon, Seoul, p. 397.
Kuroda, S., Jang, H., Kim, H.J. (2009). "Time-laps borehole data monitoring of an infiltration experiment in the vadose zone." Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 361-366. 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.07.005
Lee, K., Kim, D., Park, J.J. (2017). "Study on management system of ground sinking based on underground cavity grade." Journal of Geosynthetics Society, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 23-33.
Park, J.J., Chung, Y., Hong, G. (2019a). "A method for cavity scale estimation based on ground-penetration radar explorations: An experimental study." Advances in Civil Engineering, Vol. 2019, p. 13. 10.1155/2019/1365759
Park, J.J., Shin, E.C., Kim, I.D. (2019b). "Field application of RFID for the cavity maintenance of under pavement." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 459-468.
Park, J.J., Shin, E.C., Park, K.S., Shin, H.S., Hong, G. (2018). "An experimental study on detecting materials of GPR for maintenance of restored cavities." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 430-439.
Park, J.J., Kim, I.D. (2020). "Analysis of the under pavement cavity growth rate using multi-channel GPR equipment." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 60-69.
Pyke, K., Eyuboglu, S., Daniels, J.J., Vendl, M. (2008). "A controlled experiment to determine the water table response using ground penetration radar." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 335-342. 10.2113/JEEG13.4.335

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 19
No :3
Pages :737-746
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2023.9.30.737

[1] Benedetto, A., Pensa, S. (2007). "Indirect diagnosis of pavement structural damages using surface GPR reflection techniques." Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 107-123. 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.09.001

[2] Cassidy, N.J., Eddies, R., Dods, S. (2011). "Void detection beneath reinforced concrete sections: The practical application of ground penetrating radar and ultrasonic techniques." Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 74, pp. 263-273. 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.06.003

[3] Daniels, D.J. (2004). Ground Penetrating Radar, 2nd ed., IEE Radar Sonar Navigation and Avionics Series. The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London.

[4] Endres, A.L., Clement, W.P., Rudolph, D.L. (2000). "Ground penetrating radar imaging of an aquifer during a pumping test." Ground Water, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 566-576. 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00249.x

[5] Hagrey, S.A., Müller, C. (2000). "GPR study of pore water content and salinity in sand." Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 63-85. 10.1046/j.1365-2478.2000.00180.x

[6] Kang, Y.V., Hsu, H.C. (2013). "Application of ground penetrating radar to identify shallow cavities in a coastal dyke." Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 23-28.

[7] Kim, B.W., Kim, H.S., Choi, D.H., Koh, Y.K. (2013). "Estimation of ground water table using Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) in a sand tank model and at an alluvial field site." The Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 201-216. 10.9720/kseg.2013.3.201

[8] Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists (2011). Practical Guidelines for Geophysical Exploration, Hanrimwon, Seoul, p. 397.

[9] Kuroda, S., Jang, H., Kim, H.J. (2009). "Time-laps borehole data monitoring of an infiltration experiment in the vadose zone." Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 361-366. 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.07.005

[10] Lee, K., Kim, D., Park, J.J. (2017). "Study on management system of ground sinking based on underground cavity grade." Journal of Geosynthetics Society, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 23-33.

[11] Park, J.J., Chung, Y., Hong, G. (2019a). "A method for cavity scale estimation based on ground-penetration radar explorations: An experimental study." Advances in Civil Engineering, Vol. 2019, p. 13. 10.1155/2019/1365759

[12] Park, J.J., Shin, E.C., Kim, I.D. (2019b). "Field application of RFID for the cavity maintenance of under pavement." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 459-468.

[13] Park, J.J., Shin, E.C., Park, K.S., Shin, H.S., Hong, G. (2018). "An experimental study on detecting materials of GPR for maintenance of restored cavities." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 430-439.

[14] Park, J.J., Kim, I.D. (2020). "Analysis of the under pavement cavity growth rate using multi-channel GPR equipment." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 60-69.

[15] Pyke, K., Eyuboglu, S., Daniels, J.J., Vendl, M. (2008). "A controlled experiment to determine the water table response using ground penetration radar." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 335-342. 10.2113/JEEG13.4.335

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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