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2022 Vol.18, Issue 1 Preview Page

Original Article

Analyzing Accessibility of Emergency Shelters Based on Service Population: The Case of Outdoor Evacuation Places for Earthquake in Jung-gu, Seoul

생활인구를 고려한 대피시설 접근성 분석: 서울 중구지역 지진 옥외 대피장소를 사례로

김상균1*, 신상영2, 남현정3

Sang-Gyoon Kim1*, Sang-Young Shin2, Hyeon-Jung Nam3

1Researcher, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2Senior Research Fellow, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3Researcher, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
31 March 2022. pp. 51-62
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Abstract
Purpose: This study analyzes accessibility of outdoor evacuation places for earthquake and the accessibility improvement effects when expanding the evacuation places in accessibility-deficient areas. In order to consider real-world evacuees, the accessibility analysis is based on service population not on resident population. Method: Location-allocation model as a GIS-based spatial optimization mode is used to analyze accessibility and vulnerable areas to evacuation places. Of location-allocation problem types, ‘Maximize Coverage’ method is chosen to allocate as many potential evacuees as possible to evacuation places. And impedence cutoffs or evacuation distances (times) are applied to three classes: 500m (7.5 minutes), 1,000m (15 minutes), and 1,500m (22.5 minutes). Case study area is Jung-gu areas, Seoul as a high-density downtown area. Result: Results show that accessibility-deficient areas and population to evacuation places are much more in service population than in resident population. Accessibility is significantly improved when increases when expanding the evacuation places in accessibility-deficient areas. Yet, accessibility-deficient areas are still remained since available lands are insufficient in the high-density downtown area. Conclusion: The study suggests that temporary evacuation facilities like outdoor evacuation places for earthquake need to consider real potential evacuees based not only on resident population but also on service population. Also, policy measures to provide emergency shelters need to more utilize spatial optimization tools like location-allocation model.
Keywords
Emergency Shelter
Outdoor Evacuation Place for Earthquake
Service Population
Location-Allocation Model
Accessibility
연구목적: 이 연구는 지진 옥외 대피장소를 대상으로 생활인구(유동인구)를 측면에서 공간적 접근성을 분석한 후, 접근성 취약지역에 추가 신규 대피장소를 확충할 경우의 모의분석을 하여 개선효과를 비교함으로써 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: GIS 네트워크분석 기반의 최적화 모형인 입지배분모형을 적용하여 접근성을 분석하고 취약지역을 식별하였다. 입지배분방법은 일정한 시간 내에 신속한 이동이 중요한 대피시설의 성격에 비추어 ‘Maximize Coverage(수요영역 최대화)’ 방법을 적용하였고, 대피를 위한 한계 거리 및 시간기준은 보행속도를 고려하여 500m(7.5분), 1,000m(15분), 1,500m(22.5분)의 세 가지로 구분하여 분석하였다. 사례분석 대상지역은 지진 발생 시 신속한 대피와 일시적인 체류를 위한 옥외 대피장소의 기능을 고려하여 거주인구에 비해 생활인구가 월등히 많고 대피장소로 활용할 수 있는 가용공간이 크게 부족한 고밀 도심지역으로서 서울 중구지역을 선정하였다. 연구결과: 분석 결과, 전반적으로 거주인구에 비해 생활인구 기준으로 볼 때 접근성이 취약한 집계구 수와 인구 수가 훨씬 많고 비율도 높았으며, 접근성 취약지역에 가용한 신규 대피장소를 확충할 경우의 모의분석에서 접근성이 크게 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 다만, 고밀 도심지역으로서 가용지가 절대적으로 부족한 대상지역의 특성상 잠재적인 대피인구 전체의 접근성을 완전히 해소하지는 못하였다. 결론: 유동인구로 인해 주·야간 인구 차이가 심한 서울 도심의 지역 특성을 반영하기 위하여 생활인구 첨두시간대를 적용하여 실제 대피수요를 고려할 필요가 있으며, 입지배분모형을 이용하여 접근성이 불리한 취약지역을 식별하고 신규 대피장소 설치의 우선순위를 부여함으로써 과학적 근거 기반의 의사결정이 필요하다.
키워드
대피시설
지진 옥외 대피장소
생활인구
입지배분모형
접근성
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
  • Volume : 18
  • No :1
  • Pages :51-62
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2022.3.31.051
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