Research Trends on External Event Identification and Screening Methods for Safety Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2022.6.30.252

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2022 Vol.18, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

Research Trends on External Event Identification and Screening Methods for Safety Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant 원자력발전소 안전성 평가를 위한 외부사건 식별 및 선별 방법 연구동향: 김동창¹, 곽신영², 김지태³, 임승현⁴*
Dongchang Kim¹, Shinyoung Kwag², Jitae Kim³, Seunghyun Eem⁴*; ¹Graduate Student, Department of Convergence & Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
²Assistant Professor, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
³Principal Researcher, Division of Safety Inspection, Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
⁴Assistant Professor, Department of Convergence & Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea

30 June 2022. pp. 252-260

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Abstract

Purpose: As the intensity and frequency of natural hazards are increasing due to climate change, external events that affecting nuclear power plants(NPPs) may increase. NPPs must be protected from external events such as natural hazards and human-induced hazards. External events that may occur in NPPs should be identified, and external events that may affect NPPs should be identified. This study introduces the methodology of identification and screening methods for external events by literature review. Method: The literature survey was conducted on the identification and screening methods of external events for probabilistic safety assessment of NPPs. In addition, the regulations on the identification and screening of external events were investigated. Result: In order to minimize the cost of external event impact analysis of nuclear power plants, research on identifying and screening external events is being conducted. In general, in the identification process, all events that can occur at the NPPs are identified. In the screening process, external events are selected based on qualitative and quantitative criteria in most studies. Conclusions: The process of identifying and screening external events affecting NPPs is becoming important. This paper, summarize on how to identify and screen external events for a probabilistic safety assessment of NPPs. It is judged that research on bounding analysis and conservative analysis methods performed in the quantitative screening process of external events is necessary.

Keywords

Nuclear Power Plants

Natural Hazard

External Events

Identification

Screening

Climate Change

연구목적: 기후변화 등으로 인해 자연재해의 빈도 및 강도가 증가하고 있어, 원자력발전소에 영향을 주는 외부사건이 발생할 수 있다. 원자력발전소는 자연재해, 인공재해 등 외부사건으로부터 안전해야 한다. 따라서 원자력발전소에 발생할 수 있는 외부사건을 식별하여야 하며, 원자력발전소에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있는 외부사건을 선별하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 외부사건을 식별 및 선별하는 방법의 연구동향을 소개한다. 연구방법: 원자력발전소의 확률론적 안전성 평가를 위한 외부사건의 식별 및 선별에 관한 문헌조사를 실시하였다. 또한 국내외 외부사건의 식별 및 선별에 관한 규정을 조사하였다. 연구결과: 원자력발전소의 외부사건 영향분석의 비용을 최소화하고자 외부사건을 식별 및 선별하는 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 각 연구는 관점에 따라 차이를 보이지만 공통적으로 식별과정에서는 원자력발전소 부지에서 발생할 수 있는 모든 사건을 식별하고자 하며, 선별과정에서는 정성적 기준과 정량적 기준을 바탕으로 외부사건을 선별한다. 결론: 기후변화 등으로 인하여 자연재해의 강도가 변화하고 있어, 원자력발전소에 영향을 주는 외부사건을 식별 및 선별하는 과정이 중요해지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 외부사건을 식별과 선별하는 방법에 대해 조사하여 정리하였다. 국내의 경우 원자력발전소의 확률론적 안전성 평가를 위한 외부사건의 식별과 선별에 관한 연구가 미미한 실정이다. 또한 외부사건 정량적 선별과정에서 수행하는 ‘경계분석’과 ‘명백히 보수적인 분석’ 방법에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

키워드

원자력발전소

자연재해

외부사건

식별

선별

기후변화

References

Alzbutas, R., Maioli, A. (2008). "Risk zoning in relation to risk of external events (application to IRIS design)." International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, Vol. 8, No. 1-2, pp. 104-122. 10.1504/IJRAM.2008.016149
Alzbutas, R., Urbonas, R., Augutis, J. (2001). Risk and Sensitivity Analysis in Relation to External Events. International Conference Nuclear Energy in Central Europe 2001, Slovenia, pp. 308.1-308.13.
ASME/ANS (2013). Addenda to ASME/ANS RA-S-2008 Standard for Level 1/Large Early Release Frequency Probabilistic Risk Assessement for Nuclear Power Plant Application. ASME, ASME/ANS RA-Sb-2013, New York, US.
Bae, Y.-J., Lee, H.-J., Jeong, B-W., Jeong, W.-C. (2020). Korean Climate Change Assessment Report 2020(Influence and adaptation to climate change). Ministry of Environment.
CNSC (2008). Site Evaluation for New Nuclear Power Plants. Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, CNSC RD-346, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
ENSI (2009). Guideline for Swiss Nuclear Installations Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA): Quality and Scope. Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate, ENSI-A05/e, Brugg, Swiss.
Ham, E.G., Lee, S.I. (2021). "A study on the earthquake safety assessment of energy storage facilities according to climate change." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 226-235.
Huffman, K. (2015). Identification of External Hazards for Analysis in Probabilistic Risk Assessment. EPRI, EPRI Report 1022997, Palo Alto.
IAEA (1981). Extreme Meteorological Events in Nuclear Power Siting, Excluding Tropical Cyclones. IAEA, IAEA Safety Series 50-SG-S11A, Vienna, Austria.
IAEA (1984). Site Survey for Nuclear Power Plants: A Safety Guide. IAEA, IAEA Safety Seris No. 50-SG-S9, Vienna, Austria.
IAEA (1995). Treatmen of External Hazards in Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA Safety Series No. 50-P-7, Vienna, Austria.
IAEA (2002). External Human Induced Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.1, Vienna, Austria.
IAEA (2003). External Events Excluding Earthquakes in the Design of Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA, IAEA Safety Guide No. NS-G-1.5, Vienna, Austria.
IAEA (2003). Extreme External Events in the Design and Assessment of Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA, IAEA TECDOC-1341, Vienna, Austria.
IAEA (2003). Flood Hazard for Nuclear Power Plants on Coastal and River Sites. IAEA, IAEA Safety Guide No. NS-G-3.5, Vienna, Austria.
IAEA (2003). Meteorological Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA, IAEA Safety Guide No. NS-G3.4, Vienna, Austria.
IAEA. (1996). External Man-Induced Events in Relation to Nuclear Power Plants: A Safety Standard. IAEA, IAEA Safety Series No. 50-SG-D5, Vienna, Austria.
Jordaan, S. M., Siddiqi, A., Kakenmaster, W., Hill, A. C. (2019). "The climate vulnerabilities of global nuclear power." Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 3-13. 10.1162/glep_a_00527
Kawatsuma, S., Fukushima, M., Okada, T. (2012). "Emergency response by robots to Fukushima‐Daiichi accident: summary and lessons learned." Industrial Robot: An International Journal, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 428-435. 10.1108/01439911211249715
Kim, N.-W., Lee, J.-W., Joo. G-H., Kim,S.-H. (2020). Korean Climate Change Assessment Report 2020(The scientific basis for climate change). Korea Meteorological Administration.
Knochenhauer, M., Louko, P. (2003). Guidance for External Events Analysis. SKI Report 02:27, Swedish Nuclear Ins Pectorate.
NEA/CSNI. (2009). Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) of Other External Events Than Earthquake. Nuclear Energy Agency Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations, NEA/CSNI/R(2009)4, Paris, France.
Ryu, S.-R. (2022). "A study on the flooding risk assessment of energy storage facilities according to climate change." Journal of The Korean Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 10-18.
USNRC (1975). Reactor Safety Study. USNRC, WASH-1400, Washington, D.C., US.
USNRC (1983). PRA Procedures Guide: A Guide to the Performance of Probabilistic Risk Assessments for Nuclear Power Plants. USNRC, NUREG/CR-2300, Washington, D.C., US.
USNRC (1987). Evaluation of External Hazards to Nuclear Power Plants in the United States. USNRC, NUREG/CR-5042, Washington, D.C., US.
USNRC (1991). Procedural and Submittal Guidance for the Individual Plant Examination of External Events (IPEEE) for Severe Accident Vulnerabilities. USNRC, NUREG-1407, Washington, D.C., US.
USNRC (2009). An Approach for Determining the Technical Adequacy of Probabilistic Risk Assessment Result for Risk-informed Activities, Revision 2. USNRC, Regulatory Guide-1.200, Washington, D.C., US.
USNRC. (1981). Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants, LWR Edition. USNRC, NUREG-0800, Washington, D.C., US.
USNRC (2003). Processing Applications for Early Site Permits. USNRC, RS-002, Washington, D.C., US.
Van Dorsselaere, J.P., Bentaib, A., Albiol, T., Fichot, F., Miassoedov, A., Starflinger, J., Niedermayer, G. (2020). "Safety assessments and severe accidents, impact of external events on nuclear power plants and on mitigation strategies." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies, Vol. 6, 39. 10.1051/epjn/2019010

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 18
No :2
Pages :252-260
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2022.6.30.252

[1] Alzbutas, R., Maioli, A. (2008). "Risk zoning in relation to risk of external events (application to IRIS design)." International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, Vol. 8, No. 1-2, pp. 104-122. 10.1504/IJRAM.2008.016149

[2] Alzbutas, R., Urbonas, R., Augutis, J. (2001). Risk and Sensitivity Analysis in Relation to External Events. International Conference Nuclear Energy in Central Europe 2001, Slovenia, pp. 308.1-308.13.

[3] ASME/ANS (2013). Addenda to ASME/ANS RA-S-2008 Standard for Level 1/Large Early Release Frequency Probabilistic Risk Assessement for Nuclear Power Plant Application. ASME, ASME/ANS RA-Sb-2013, New York, US.

[4] Bae, Y.-J., Lee, H.-J., Jeong, B-W., Jeong, W.-C. (2020). Korean Climate Change Assessment Report 2020(Influence and adaptation to climate change). Ministry of Environment.

[5] CNSC (2008). Site Evaluation for New Nuclear Power Plants. Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, CNSC RD-346, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

[6] ENSI (2009). Guideline for Swiss Nuclear Installations Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA): Quality and Scope. Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate, ENSI-A05/e, Brugg, Swiss.

[7] Ham, E.G., Lee, S.I. (2021). "A study on the earthquake safety assessment of energy storage facilities according to climate change." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 226-235.

[8] Huffman, K. (2015). Identification of External Hazards for Analysis in Probabilistic Risk Assessment. EPRI, EPRI Report 1022997, Palo Alto.

[9] IAEA (1981). Extreme Meteorological Events in Nuclear Power Siting, Excluding Tropical Cyclones. IAEA, IAEA Safety Series 50-SG-S11A, Vienna, Austria.

[10] IAEA (1984). Site Survey for Nuclear Power Plants: A Safety Guide. IAEA, IAEA Safety Seris No. 50-SG-S9, Vienna, Austria.

[11] IAEA (1995). Treatmen of External Hazards in Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA Safety Series No. 50-P-7, Vienna, Austria.

[12] IAEA (2002). External Human Induced Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS-G-3.1, Vienna, Austria.

[13] IAEA (2003). External Events Excluding Earthquakes in the Design of Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA, IAEA Safety Guide No. NS-G-1.5, Vienna, Austria.

[14] IAEA (2003). Extreme External Events in the Design and Assessment of Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA, IAEA TECDOC-1341, Vienna, Austria.

[15] IAEA (2003). Flood Hazard for Nuclear Power Plants on Coastal and River Sites. IAEA, IAEA Safety Guide No. NS-G-3.5, Vienna, Austria.

[16] IAEA (2003). Meteorological Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plants. IAEA, IAEA Safety Guide No. NS-G3.4, Vienna, Austria.

[17] IAEA. (1996). External Man-Induced Events in Relation to Nuclear Power Plants: A Safety Standard. IAEA, IAEA Safety Series No. 50-SG-D5, Vienna, Austria.

[18] Jordaan, S. M., Siddiqi, A., Kakenmaster, W., Hill, A. C. (2019). "The climate vulnerabilities of global nuclear power." Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 3-13. 10.1162/glep_a_00527

[19] Kawatsuma, S., Fukushima, M., Okada, T. (2012). "Emergency response by robots to Fukushima‐Daiichi accident: summary and lessons learned." Industrial Robot: An International Journal, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 428-435. 10.1108/01439911211249715

[20] Kim, N.-W., Lee, J.-W., Joo. G-H., Kim,S.-H. (2020). Korean Climate Change Assessment Report 2020(The scientific basis for climate change). Korea Meteorological Administration.

[21] Knochenhauer, M., Louko, P. (2003). Guidance for External Events Analysis. SKI Report 02:27, Swedish Nuclear Ins Pectorate.

[22] NEA/CSNI. (2009). Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) of Other External Events Than Earthquake. Nuclear Energy Agency Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations, NEA/CSNI/R(2009)4, Paris, France.

[23] Ryu, S.-R. (2022). "A study on the flooding risk assessment of energy storage facilities according to climate change." Journal of The Korean Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 10-18.

[24] USNRC (1975). Reactor Safety Study. USNRC, WASH-1400, Washington, D.C., US.

[25] USNRC (1983). PRA Procedures Guide: A Guide to the Performance of Probabilistic Risk Assessments for Nuclear Power Plants. USNRC, NUREG/CR-2300, Washington, D.C., US.

[26] USNRC (1987). Evaluation of External Hazards to Nuclear Power Plants in the United States. USNRC, NUREG/CR-5042, Washington, D.C., US.

[27] USNRC (1991). Procedural and Submittal Guidance for the Individual Plant Examination of External Events (IPEEE) for Severe Accident Vulnerabilities. USNRC, NUREG-1407, Washington, D.C., US.

[28] USNRC (2009). An Approach for Determining the Technical Adequacy of Probabilistic Risk Assessment Result for Risk-informed Activities, Revision 2. USNRC, Regulatory Guide-1.200, Washington, D.C., US.

[29] USNRC. (1981). Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants, LWR Edition. USNRC, NUREG-0800, Washington, D.C., US.

[30] USNRC (2003). Processing Applications for Early Site Permits. USNRC, RS-002, Washington, D.C., US.

[31] Van Dorsselaere, J.P., Bentaib, A., Albiol, T., Fichot, F., Miassoedov, A., Starflinger, J., Niedermayer, G. (2020). "Safety assessments and severe accidents, impact of external events on nuclear power plants and on mitigation strategies." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies, Vol. 6, 39. 10.1051/epjn/2019010

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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