A Study on the External Evacuation System for Large-scale Fire of Multi-use Facilities

doi:10.15683/kosdi.2022.3.31.129

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2022 Vol.18, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Original Article

A Study on the External Evacuation System for Large-scale Fire of Multi-use Facilities 다중밀집시설 대형화재 외부대피 체계에 관한 연구: 김정곤¹*, 정민수², 정재욱³
Jung-Gon Kim¹*, Min-Su Jeong², Jae-Wook Jung³; ¹Head Researcher, Disaster Management Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
²Senior Researcher, Team Manager, Safety Research Team, Disaster Management Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
³Director, Disaster Management Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

31 March 2022. pp. 129-145

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aims at preparing an external evacuation system by setting up situation that may occur outside buildings in case of large-scale fire at buildings such as multiuse facilities and presenting appropriate response procedures and action instructions for evacuees and facility managers. Method: Major matters are summarized based on various situations which may occur outside in case of fire and the contents of fire manual. Necessary factors including risk alert standards in the event of fire and the role of building occupants are classified and then important issues are summarized. In addition, the definition of fire-related outside shelters and external evacuation routes are showed, and then the applicability to the shelters and the routes are reviewed for old apartments in Jung-gu among multi-dense facilities. Result: Four stages (attention, caution, alert, serious) for standards of fire risk warning are established with the results of the investigation and analysis, and guidelines for behavior for evacuees, facility owners, residents, managers are summarized and presented. In addition, the concept and role of external shelters are divided into primary to the third shelters, and matters related to the definition of each shelter and the establishment of evacuation routes are presented, and then considered them carefully. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the importance of suggesting a systematic plan to secure the safety for evacuees outside space of buildings with disorder and difficulty to control in the event of fire. Therefore, we are confident that it will be useful in making an integrated manual for inside and outside buildings.

Keywords

Multi-use Facilities

Large-scale Fire

External Excavation System

Hazard Warning System

Occupant

Evacuee

Shelter

연구목적: 본 연구는 다중밀집시설에 대형화재가 발생하는 경우 건물 외부에서 발생 가능한 여러 상황을 상정 및 이에 대한 대응절차 및 행동요령을 제시함으로써 효율적인 화재대응을 위한 외부 대피체계를 마련하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 화재 시 외부에서 발생 가능한 여러 상황 및 화재 매뉴얼 구성인자 등을 고려하여 필요한 사항들을 정리하였다. 이를 위해 화재 발생 위험경보 기준, 건물 재실자 역할 구분 등의 주요 인자의 제시 및 필요사항을 정리하였다. 또한, 화재 관련 외부대피소의 정의 및 외부 대피경로에 대해 제시하였으며, 다중밀집시설 중에서 중구의 노후아파트를 대상으로 외부대피소 및 외부대피경로 등에 대한 적용성을 검토하였다. 연구결과: 조사 및 분석 결과를 종합하여 4단계(관심, 주의, 경계, 심각) 화재위험경보 기준을 설정하고, 재실자, 시설 소유자, 거주자, 관리자, 소방책임자에 대한 행동요령을 정리하여 제시하였다. 또한, 외부대피소의 개념과 역할에 대하여 1차~3차 대피소로 구분하여 각 대피소의 정의 및 대피경로 설정에 관한 사항을 제시하고 이에 대하여 고찰하였다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 화재 시에 무질서하고 통제가 어려운 건물 외부 공간에 대하여, 대피자 안전확보를 위한 체계화 방안을 제시한 것으로서 의미를 가지며, 화재시 건물 내부 및 외부의 통합적인 매뉴얼 작성에 활용성을 가질 것으로 판단하였다.

키워드

다중밀집시설

대형화재

외부 대피체계

화재 위험경보 기준

재실자

대피자

대피소

References

Choi, D.-C., Hwang, H.-S., Ko, M.-H., Lee, S.-Y. (2020). "A study on fire and evacuation simulation analysis for use of disaster vulnerable personal evacuation device." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 824-831.
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. .
JICE (1993). Investigation on Establishing Disaster Prevention Measures through Aggressive use of Private Facilities. .
Jeong, S.-J., Park, Y.-N., Kim, J.-J. (2018). "A checklist and manual developed to review fire safety facilities' compliance with fire safety requirements for apartment buildings." Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 94-102.
KFPA (2020). Analysis of Specific Builds Fire Statistical Data·Safety Inspection. Annual Report, Seoul.
KICT (2020). Development of Performance Design Criteria and Integrated Guideline For Building. Goyang.
Kim, J.-G., Park, C.-I., Jung, J.-W., Kim, S.-G. (2021). "A study on the risks factors of fire occurrence and expansion for traditional markets." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 60-67.
Kim, S.-R., Kim, H.-W. (2020). "Development of guidebook to support victim's life recovery and improvement of domestic earthquake damage recovery through earthquake damage cases in Korea and Japan." The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 470-484.
Lee, G.-H., Choi, S.-G., Kim, S.-K. (2018). "A study on the development of fire alarm system with evacuation lighting and voice alarm functions." Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 25-34. 10.7731/KIFSE.2018.32.4.025
Lee, J.-W., Jin, S.-H., Kim, S.-K., Kwon, Y.-J. (2019). "Basic study for improving the fire safety of postpartum care centers." Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 138-146. 10.7731/KIFSE.2019.33.1.138
Lee, S.H. (2021). A Study on the Development of the Personalized Evacuation Process for Interior Space of a Building, Master Thesis, Gachon University.
Mihune, Y. (1998). Disater and Citizen Network. Kyoto, Japan.
Ministry of the Interior and Safety (2020). Safety Manual for Concert Hall. Sejong.
MLIT, Data integration channel .
MLTM (2013). Manual for Crisis Response of ｢Multi-density Facilities Major Accident｣. Sejong.
NARS (2020). Current Situation and Future Task of Deteriorated Buliding. Seoul.
NDMRI (National Disaster Management Research Institute) (2014). Development of Shelter Integration Management and Evacuation Support Technology according to Disaster Type. Ulsan.
NIKKEN, KENBOKYO (2009). Review of Safety Measures for High-rise Buildings, Japan. Review Report, Tokyo, Japan.
Shin, S.-Y., Nam, H.-J., Kim, S.-K. (2021). Current Status and Improvement of Emergency Shelters in Seoul. The Seoul Institute, Seoul.
Shin, Y.-M., Lim, Y.-R., Ahn, Y.-H. (2019). "A study on the optimization method for evacuation procedure on fire in public facilities; Focusing on multiplex." Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 113-120. 10.7731/KIFSE.2019.33.1.113
Yi, J.-W., Kim, Y.-S., Han, D.-S. (2018). "Systematic measure of the safety accidents 'Preparation behavior manual' in Campground." Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 441-449.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Disaster Information
Publisher(Ko) :한국재난정보학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
Journal Title(Ko) :한국재난정보학회논문집
Volume : 18
No :1
Pages :129-145
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2022.3.31.129

[1] Choi, D.-C., Hwang, H.-S., Ko, M.-H., Lee, S.-Y. (2020). "A study on fire and evacuation simulation analysis for use of disaster vulnerable personal evacuation device." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 824-831.

[2] Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. .

[3] JICE (1993). Investigation on Establishing Disaster Prevention Measures through Aggressive use of Private Facilities. .

[4] Jeong, S.-J., Park, Y.-N., Kim, J.-J. (2018). "A checklist and manual developed to review fire safety facilities' compliance with fire safety requirements for apartment buildings." Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 94-102.

[5] KFPA (2020). Analysis of Specific Builds Fire Statistical Data·Safety Inspection. Annual Report, Seoul.

[6] KICT (2020). Development of Performance Design Criteria and Integrated Guideline For Building. Goyang.

[7] Kim, J.-G., Park, C.-I., Jung, J.-W., Kim, S.-G. (2021). "A study on the risks factors of fire occurrence and expansion for traditional markets." Journal of the Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 60-67.

[8] Kim, S.-R., Kim, H.-W. (2020). "Development of guidebook to support victim's life recovery and improvement of domestic earthquake damage recovery through earthquake damage cases in Korea and Japan." The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 470-484.

[9] Lee, G.-H., Choi, S.-G., Kim, S.-K. (2018). "A study on the development of fire alarm system with evacuation lighting and voice alarm functions." Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 25-34. 10.7731/KIFSE.2018.32.4.025

[10] Lee, J.-W., Jin, S.-H., Kim, S.-K., Kwon, Y.-J. (2019). "Basic study for improving the fire safety of postpartum care centers." Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 138-146. 10.7731/KIFSE.2019.33.1.138

[11] Lee, S.H. (2021). A Study on the Development of the Personalized Evacuation Process for Interior Space of a Building, Master Thesis, Gachon University.

[12] Mihune, Y. (1998). Disater and Citizen Network. Kyoto, Japan.

[13] Ministry of the Interior and Safety (2020). Safety Manual for Concert Hall. Sejong.

[14] MLIT, Data integration channel .

[15] MLTM (2013). Manual for Crisis Response of ｢Multi-density Facilities Major Accident｣. Sejong.

[16] NARS (2020). Current Situation and Future Task of Deteriorated Buliding. Seoul.

[17] NDMRI (National Disaster Management Research Institute) (2014). Development of Shelter Integration Management and Evacuation Support Technology according to Disaster Type. Ulsan.

[18] NIKKEN, KENBOKYO (2009). Review of Safety Measures for High-rise Buildings, Japan. Review Report, Tokyo, Japan.

[19] Shin, S.-Y., Nam, H.-J., Kim, S.-K. (2021). Current Status and Improvement of Emergency Shelters in Seoul. The Seoul Institute, Seoul.

[20] Shin, Y.-M., Lim, Y.-R., Ahn, Y.-H. (2019). "A study on the optimization method for evacuation procedure on fire in public facilities; Focusing on multiplex." Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 113-120. 10.7731/KIFSE.2019.33.1.113

[21] Yi, J.-W., Kim, Y.-S., Han, D.-S. (2018). "Systematic measure of the safety accidents 'Preparation behavior manual' in Campground." Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 441-449.

Journal of the Society of Disaster Information ISSN:1976-2208(Print) 2671-5287(Online) 한국재난정보학회논문집

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